英文字母组合的发音规律.doc

该【英文字母组合的发音规律 】是由【雨林小课堂】上传分享，文档一共【8】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【英文字母组合的发音规律 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。英文字母组合的发音规律一、辅音字母的读音规则c在字母e,i,y前读/s/,如cell,cit'y,cyst;其余情况下读/K/,如cat,club,,i,y前读/?/,如gene,gin,gym;其余情况下读/g/,如beg,golf,/,如six,desk,yes;有时读/z/,如is,his,vis'it(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。x处于两元音字母之间,且其后元音重读时,读/gz/,如exist';其余情况下读/ks/,如six,next,excuse'.q读/k/,如Ir?q',NASDAQ(股票名);常与字母u用在一起,qu读/kw/, 如quick,ques':英语音标元音单元音:i:ie???u?ɑ:?:u: ?:双元音:eiai?i?uaui?e?u?辅音浊辅音:bdg?vez?dzm n?lrjw请辅音:ptk?fθs?tsh二、 辅音字母组合的读音规则ch,tch读/?/,如Chi'na,much;catch,matchph,gh读/f/,如pho'to,phonesh读/?/,如shape,she,short,fishth多数情况下读/θ/,如three,third但有时读/e/,如that,than,with.(读/e/时可下画一线).wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/);其余情况下读/w/,如which,when,,dj读/?/,如judge,lodg'ing;adjust',ad',以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前(如c,g,k等)读/?/。如long,thing,length;un'cle,zinc;an'gry,fin'ger;drink,think,/,如guess,guide,guest;在字母n后读/gw/,如lan'guage,distin'guish,lin'/?/.两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如lit'tle,miss,hill,hob'by;clock,neck,black;scene,sci'ence,scythe,excite',except';accord'ing,accuse',occur'.三、元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则英语中有四类重读音节:闭音节,开音节, r音节,re音节。 指以辅音字母结尾的音节。元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读 /?2.‘元音字母+哑e’或‘一个辅音字母+哑e’结尾的音节。 a,e,i(y),o,u在重读开音节中分别读/ei后,读/u:/,不读/ju:/,如June,blue, 指以字母r或‘r+辅音字母’结尾的音节。开音节 指以元音字母、但字母u在字母 j,l,r在r音节中:ar读/ɑ:/,or读/?:/,er,ir,yr,ur 都读/?:/。如:arm,far,start,large,Marx;or,for,cord,or'der;verb,her,serve;sir,first,dirt'y,cir'cle,myr'tle;hurt,nurse,return',mur'. 双r前的音节,是闭音节,不是 r音节。如:car'ry,mar'ry,ber'ry,mir'ror,sor'ry,hur',ar读/?:/,如war,warm,warn;or读/?:/,如word,work,world,。在re音节中:are读/e?/,ere读/i?/,ire,yre读/ai?/,ore读/?:/,ure读/ju?/。如:care,dare,rare,hare,prepare';here,mere,severe';fire,wire,tire,entire',tyre;more,fore,core,before';cure,pure,endure'四、,o,u读/?/,如Chi'na,sec'ond,dif',i,y读/i/,如result',vic'tim,hap',er,ir,or,ur,yr读/?/,如gram'mar,let'ter,circum'ference,doc'tor,mur'mur,mar'tyr,persist',west'ern,east',u处于词末时分别读/?u/,/ju:/(即不弱化,按重读音节规则读)。如car'go,Ne'gro;men',紧邻重读音节时,读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如reg'ular,pop'ular,mon',i,y,u在多音节动词中,处于约定开音节结尾中,按重读音节读。如i'solate,ad'vertise,an'alyse,sub',读/ai/。如:sat'isfy,mal'tiply,oc'cupy五、,aw读/?:/,如cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如neu'tral,deuce;new,view,review'.ou,ow读/au/,如house,loud;how,now,,ay读/ei/,如wait,aid;day,,ey读/ei/,如veil,weigh?t;grey,they,convey'oi,oy读/?i/,如choice,oil;boy,,ee读/i:/,如eat,cheap;deep,,(c)ei读/i:/,如field,believe';receive',ceil'/?u/,如road,soap,. ue 读/ju:/,如Tues’day,val'ue,pursue'.air,aer读/e?/,如air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplane?.ear,eer读/i?/如ear,clear;beer,?/如our,sour,h?/:在字母k前(book,look,took)和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool/u/。及其派生词(good'ness,foot'ball,wool'en等):/:在其余情况下读/u:/,如:cool,food,loose,room,/?/:在flood,blood及其派生词(flood'ing,blood'less等)中读/?/./,如high,light,might,,ough读/?:/,如daugh'ter,caught,taught;ought,fought,thought。17. oul 在could,should,would 中读/u/。六、几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则a在后缀-ace,-ade,-age,-ate中读/i/,如pal''rade,vil'lage,ac'-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/?/,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'-ible中读/?/,如pos'. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为 /i/,如moun'tain,Fri'day,for'feit,val'ley.-ful读/ful/,如help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful.-gue读/g/,如di'alogue,cat'alogue.-que读/k/,如cheque,pic'turesque'.8.-ous读/?s/,如fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'.-our读/?/,如fa'vour,hon'our,la'.-ure读/?/,如fig'ure,in''ure中读/j?/.11.-ow读/?u/,如win'dow,yel'low,pil'.-ture读/??/,如pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture.-sure在元音字母后读/??/,如clo'sure,expo'/??/,如pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks).-ion读/?n/,如fash'ion,cu?sh'.-tion 读/??n/ 如na'tion,produc'tion,solu'tion.-stion读/s??n/,如ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion.-sion在元音字母后读/??n/,如v?'sion,occa'sion,div?'sion;在辅音字母后读/??n/,如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion.,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/?/,如:o'cean;so'cial;A'sia;par'tial;Egyp'tian;suff?'cient;pa'tient;pr?'cious;Rus'sian;an'.-i在字母 d,t,n,l后,且在元音字母前,读/j/。如au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'?.-ed(过去式后缀)在清辅音后读/t/,如:worked,jumped,/,如:robbed,begged;played,stud',t后读/id/,如:need'ed,pl?nt'.-(e)s(名词或动词词尾)在清辅音后读/s/,如:desks,lamps,/,如:pigs,pens,plays,/?,?,?,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如:urg'es,watch'es,wish'es,r īes,s'fac',不需要用重读符号标注。双音节词和多音节词中,有的音节是重读音节,有的则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。有些单词中,除重读音节和非重读音节外,还有次重读音节,也需要用重读符号标注。在单词上直接标音时,重读符号(')标在重读音节的后上方(如read'ing);次重音符号(?)标在次重读音节的后下方(如en?gineer')。请注意:直接标音法的重读符号,还具有分音节的作用,如stu'dent和stud'y,stu'是开音节,而stud'是闭音节,故字母u的读法不同()。哑音符号(.)可用来指出不读音的字母。标注了这个符号的字母,读音时可视若其无,其余的字母仍按前述读音规则读音。, 不读音的辅音字母。例如:?knife,lam?b,au'tum?n,?write,?psy?chol'ogy,?pneumo'nia,ex?hib'it,r?hyme,whis'?tle,lis'?te?n,?。例如:h?eart,e?arn,le?arn,e?ar'ly,ye?ar,d?oor,fl?oor,ro?ar,bo?ard,co?arse,ho?arse,fo?ur,po?ur,co?urse,t?ouch,c?oun'try,fr?iend,b?uild,y?oung,pe?o'ple,tho??u?g?h,ow?e?,ey?e.?因强度弱化而不读音的元音字母。例如:vi't?al,fi'n?al,short'?en,les's?en,lev'?el,chan'n?el,dev'?il,civ'?il,es's?on,cot't?on,cer't?a?in,cur't?a?in,poi's?onous,dif'f?erent,in't?eresting.‘哑e’一般可以不用哑音符号,但容易引起混淆时仍需使用。例如:amuse'amus?e'mentshamesham?edbecide'becid?()?用于:,;,,,;,.(1)提醒s,th,x,f发浊音/z/,/e/,/gz/,/v/。例如:vis'it, his, is;that,with,fur'ther,gath'er;exist',exam';,o,u不读/?/,而读/i/。例如:char'acter,lit'erature,tem'perature;hy'drogen;min',i,y不读/i/,而读/?/。例如:can'cel;A'pril,hol'iday;anal'ysis提醒在e,i,y前g不读/?/,而读/ɡ/。例如:get,gift,give,girl,begin',forget',tar'(组合)的读音用国际音标标注在单词后边。例如:mach?ne'/?/,chef/?/,g?r'age/?/,reg?me'/?/,fortune/?/,u'sual/?/,proce'dure/?/,sol'dier/?/,suite/w/,persuade'/w/,dissuade'/w/,clerk/ɑ:/,sew/?u/,sew'ing/?u/,su?g'er/?/,su?re/?/,bus'y/i/,bus'ily/i/,bur'y/e/,bur'ial/e/,one/w?n/.(?):?,?,?(?),?,?分别读/?,详见。有时在非重读音节中元音不弱化,而按重读音节读 ,这时就要用到这些符号。例如:con'c?pt,?cto'ber,?dult'hotel',fe'male,biol'ogyex'per?t,cor'ridor?,sub'urbem'pire,at'mosphere,soft'waredura'tion,environmen'al,period'icr音节和re音节容易混淆,有时要用 r音节符号和re音节符号来区分。例如:věr'y,Am ěr'ica,m ěr'it,sp?r'it;f?r'est,var'y,her'o,vir'us,or'al,dur'ingscarce,scarce'ly,scar'city有时开音节和闭音节需要用相应符号来区分。例如:g?v'e,l?v'e,h ;condǎv'eǐ'tion,v ǐ'sion,sp?'cial,def;ǐ'cientty?p'ist,spa?'cing,sto?n'y,who?l'ly,strīk'ing,nīnth;cha?nge,stra?nge,cha?mber;co?ld,bo?lt,ro?ll,gro?ss,mo?st,bo?th,o?n'ly,contro?l';fīnd,mīnd,chīld,,ar,ir前有时读/e/,这时也可用闭音节符号标注。例如:wh?re,th?re,w?ar,t?ar,th?ir*几个直接标音符号用来标注元音的特殊读音。详见?=/ɑ:/:?sk,d?nce,?f'ter,b?th,c??lm,c??lf,gr?ss,ch?nce,dem?nd',enh?nce',ex?m'ple,cr?ft,dr?ft,st?ff,f?'ther,l?st,p?th,r?th'er,p??lm,h????lf,beh??lf',??unt,l??ugh,l??ugh'ter.?=/i:/:l?'ter,k?l'o,ant?que',fat?gue',mar?ne',mosqu?'to,rout?ne',mǎgaz?ne',au'toü=/u:/:flüid,rü'in,frü?it,frü?it'ful,jü?ice,crü?ise,sür?oit,ütine',gr?oup,w?oünd,s?oüp,r?oüte,y?oüth,y?oüth'ful??=/u:/:d?,un'd?',t?,tw?,wh?,wh?m,wh?se,m?ve,m?ve'ment,rem?ve',rem?v'al,pr?ve,impr?ve,impr?ve'ment,appr?ve,appr?v'al,l?se,sh??=/u/: bu?sh, bu?l'let,bu?l'letin,bu?tch'er,cru?'el,cru?'elty, fu?ll,fu?ll'y,fu?l'fill,pu?ll,pu?l'ley,pu?sh,pu??=/u/ on'do?,in'to?,wo?'man,wo?lf,con'to?ur,po?r.?=/i/: īd?'a, ?al,īdrec'ip?,th?'orem,?ng'lish,pr?t'ty,r?'al,m ?'um,ūsth?'为了便于记忆有时可把相应的国际音标标注在字母上面,详见在个别情况下,字母a读/e/。这时就可把国际音标/e/标在字母a上。例如:an'y,man'y,says,,字母¨有时读/?/。这时就可把/?/标在a上。例如:want,wash,watch,watch,wan'der,wal'let,watt,kil'owatt,swal'low,what;qual'ity,qual'itative,quan'tity,quan'titative,quar'rel,e'qual,equal',字母a有时读/?:/.这时可将?:标在字母a上。例如:all,al'most,,fall,hall,tall,wall,stall,install',recall',small,halt,salt,al'so,al'ter,al'ways,alread'y,altogeth'er,although',alter'nate,alter'native,wa'ter,false,chalk,talk,walk,abroad,broad,broad'cast,br?oad'/?/。这时也可将/?/标在其上。例如:co?me,beco?me,co?m'fort,co?m'fo?mtable,co?m'pany,co?mpul'sary,disco?m'fort,fro?nt,confro?nt',ho?n'ey,lo?ve,Mo?n'day,mo?n'ey,mo?n'key,mo?nth,no?ne,so?me,to?ngue,bro?th'er,abo?ve',no?th'ing,ano?th'er,o?th'er,co?v'er,co?l'our,do?z'en,wo?r'ry,?n'ion,s?n,sp?nge,t?,一个字母或字母组合可能有几种发音,同样的一个音素也可能有多种字母的可能。例如,字母组合ea可能发/e/,/i:/,/ei/等,而/i:/这个音可能由ea,ee,ie,ei等多种字母或字母组合发出。辅音也是一样,/k/这个音素可能有ck,c,k等几种字母组合情况。还有一些字母组合在单词中不发音,需要特别注意,如neighbour(gh),climb(b)所以对于一个单词要尽量去熟悉它的音、形,有些元音或辅音字母会发它最常见的音,但也有很多别的情况。例如/s/这个音,多数情况下由s发出,但也有相当一部分是由c发出的,这就属于相对比较特别的单词,我们在记诵的时候就需要给予特别关注,例如sit,bed,activity,ability,congratulation等,这些单词凭读音一般可以无误的写出来,但像decision这个单词,如光凭读音去记,很可能你就会写成disision、desision、dicision,如果读音稍有不准确还可能出现disition、desition、decition等等拼写错误。再比如divide,光凭读音也可能拼成devide。像以上这些情况,本身读音存在易混点,在记的时候就需要格外关注。再有就是爆破音,读的时候我们读成爆音,如果不是很熟悉单词的形,写的时候和可能忘记还原,会误将p写成b,t写成d,k写成g等等。因此记诵单词时,最基本的读,一定要读准确,这个非常重要。像 /r/和[з],/tr/和/t∫/,/dr/和/dз/等,读音不同一定要区分清楚。其次对于音标,各种字母及字母组合的发音规则,包括重音的影响,都要逐渐地去熟悉。例如always、agriculture、acknowledge,这几个单词中开头的a发音都不同,你会发现这跟重音位置有关,凡是重音在最开头的,一般不会出现发“饿”(音)的情况。前面只是举的很少很简单的例子,总而言之,语言的学****没有捷径可走,没有一劳永逸的方法。人和人也不一样,别人总结的东西也不一定适合你,具体的学****过程还是需要自己花时间去探索、总结,找到最适合自己的方法。