杜昶旭老师的阅读讲义1.doc

该【杜昶旭老师的阅读讲义1 】是由【小果冻】上传分享，文档一共【36】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【杜昶旭老师的阅读讲义1 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。 -1- -2-(1)文章数量:3-5篇(和听力相对应:3篇阅读,9个听力段子或5篇阅读,6个听力段子)(2)文章长度:650-750词/篇(3)题目数量:12-14个/篇(每篇有一个多项选择,形式为6选3,7选5或9选7)(4)测试时间:20分钟/篇(5)测试分数:0-30分(由原始分42分换算到标准分30分)(1)主题:辨析文章的主要观点,并与局部小观点区分;辨析段落主题.(注:所有文章都有标题)(2)细节:概括性信息的把握并判别具体信息的真伪----TRUE?FALSE?NOTGIVEN?GeneralstatementideasSomedetails(3)词汇:辨析词汇和短语的含义,并通过上下文推断某些词汇和短语的含义:认知(一词多义);词汇推断(4)推断:根据上下文推断出隐藏的信息(5)态度:根据文章描述判断作者意图和态度:WHY目的;HOW手段.(6)结构:判断句子和句子之间的逻辑关系, -3-:(1)获取有效信息(2)(1)(支撑):主题段(文章的前几段)和主题句(每段的前几句).细节主体(填充)(2)文章具体结构如下:Intro:background(细节)&topic(结构)Body:sub-topic(结构),analysis(细节)&evidence(细节)Conclusion:topic(结构)(1)快速笔记的意义:辅助思维框架形成索引功能(2)快速笔记的内容结构主体的核心词时间和数字:同时记录时间及相应的事件;一律记录为数字人名\地名\专有名词: -4-(3)快速笔记的简单符号体系(4)快速笔记的重要性和必要性----阅读中的指导性逻辑(PREDICTING)(5)好笔记的特点::(1)标准口语的逻辑(2)----句子结构分析和解析方法(1)句子阅读中的障碍1)定语前置定语:adj+n后置定语:?n+adjphrase形容词短语:abookusefulforyouprepphrase介词短语:apenonthedeskv-ing/-edphrase分词短语:apersonwalkingontheroad;atooldevelopedfortheproject不定式:awaytosolvetheproblem注: -5-分词短语作后置定语时,其逻辑主语是其修饰的名词不定代词只能用后置定语修饰不定式作后置定语其逻辑主语是第三方:sbusethewaytosolvetheproblem定语从句:关系代词引导定语从句:that,which,who,whom,whose(其中that,which,who,whom引导的是非完整句,whose引导的是完整句)关系连词:when,where,why在句子中不作成分,引导的是完整句介词+关系代词:inwhich,此关系代词不包括what2)同位语:同插入语一样处理----删除A,B(定语从句/同位语从句)A,orBAthat+句子(完整句)AofB:thecityofBeijing3)状语:处理方式----隔离Adv副词Prepphrase介词短语分词短语不定式注: -6-4)并列结构并列连词的用法:并列连词连接结构\功能\性质均相同的成分----必须完全对等5)that引导的各种从句S+V+THAT+句子(完整句)----宾语从句S+系动词+表语+句子----表语从句It+Vi+that+句子It+be+adj+that+句子完整句That+句子+VN+that+句子+同位语(完整句)定语从句(非完整句)S+Vi+that+句子:+be+adj+that+句子:Thedeskiscleanthatisusedbythestudent(定语从句);ThefactistruethatTomishandsome(同位语从句).(2)复杂句的阅读方法----层次化句子阅读法1)括号匹配……关联词(完整句)……(关联词+非完整句)2)化右括号的条件: -7-例1:However,formanyyearsphysiciststhoughtthat(atomandmoleculesalwaysweremuchmorelikelytoemitlightspontaneously)andthat(stimulatedemissionthusalwayswouldbemuchweaker)例2:Itappearedthat〔Canadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamilies(urredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution)〕.例3:Thehistoryofclinicalnutrition,orthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances(同位语,删除),canbedividedintofourdistincteras:eenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcentury(whenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethat(foodcontainedconstituents(thatwereessentialforhumanfunction))andthat(differentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents).例4:Usingtechniquesfirstdevelopedfortheoffshoreoilandgasindustry,theDSDP’sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger(同位语),wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean’ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwater,:ThedesperateplightoftheSouthhaseclipsedthefactthat(reconstructionhadtobeundertakenalsoinNorth,thoughlessspectacularly). -9-例6:eenthcenturyinwhich(themakingofaclaymodelwasconsideredthecreativeact)and(theworkwasthenturnedovertostudioassistanttobecastinplasterorbronzeorcarvedinmarble).例7:Anyone(whohashandleafossilizedbone)knowsthat(itisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmoderncounterpart),themostobviousdifferencebeingthat(itisoftenmuchheavier):Theimpressivegaininoutput〔stemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhich(workersmadegoodssince1790’s)〕,NorthAmericanenterpreneurs----evenwithoutthetechnologicalimprovement----hadbroadendedthescopeoftheoutworksystem(essionofworkers(whoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess))例9:Thefactthat(artisanss,(whowerelockedonasmechanicsorskilledworkersintheeighteenthcentury),(arefrequentlyconsideredartiststoday)eenthcentury)例10:AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamBbyrdofVirginian,andtheAliensabdHamiltonsofPhiladelphia(同位语)introducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonists〔privilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists〕 -9-munitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutions〔devotedtoitsencouragement〕..:+adj+句子V-ing/v-edPrepphraseInf(不定式)\:Tomlayontheground,,:Transactionbeingprocessed,pleasewait.(2)倒装句的阅读方法1)局部倒装处理方法:把提前的助动词/be动词/情态动词去掉或复原,)完全倒装的处理方法构成主语的成分: -10-名词代词The+形容词不定式主语从句动名词完全倒装的判断流程