全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1,Unit 1 Growing Up.pdf

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】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..DifficultSentencesthenI’dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.()Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?(Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.),lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.()Paraphrasethesentence.(Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachersenjoywhatIwrote.)()Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase?(’sEnglishteacher,allEnglishcoursesweredull.).()Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays“I...wasnotdisappointed”?(’slessonsweredull.),etask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.()1)Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences?(Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.)2)Listphrasestosupportyourinference.(didnothinguntil…theessaywasdue;etask.).()ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.(AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind’seye.)—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.():..thestructureofthesentence.(camefloodingback是谓语,其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,作者运用了割裂修饰法,把谓语前移,主语中心语的修饰成分后臵,使谓语紧接主语。例如:-Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.-Allisnotgoldthatglitters.),andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.()WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDoris?Why?wasBaker’:-Dorisisafemalename;-Theauthormentioned“noneoftheadults...”whichshowsthattheywerestillchildren,notadults.)’sattention.()1)Paraphrasethispartofthesentence:Iwasprepared…fordiscipline.(’sordertoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurposeofpunishingme...)2)WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished?(Becausetohismind,position.)3)What’sthefunctionoftheword“when”inthesentence?(Theword“when”heredoesn’tmean“atorduringthetimethat”(当…时).Instead,itmeans“andthen”(在那时).Moreexamples:-Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.-IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheyweregettingadivorce.),attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.()TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.(就在十一年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一件今生想做的事。):..Words&Expressionsandon(oronandoff):fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly-’swhytheclothesfeeldamp.-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,:eestablished-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.-(’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)bore:.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,:acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事associate:;connectorbringinthemind-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)-Ican’tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.-:atherasforameeting,publicevent,)provetobe3)shutoff4)produce;makeMatchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.(1)-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4):..Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)-Theplanturnedoutafailure.(2)-Wearetoturnout100,000,putersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.(4)-ess.(2)-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.(1).expect(-clause)-erfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.-2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。(TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.),不可用不定式代替。-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.-:-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.-:(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.-MartinLutherJr.’sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.-:.(=.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情rigid:adj.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;eptedrules-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话,他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。(Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.)-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.:..pletelyplain-widowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband’sfuneral.-(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.)2)stern;strict-eptedintotheairforce.-)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.-TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。(Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverpetition.)CF:severe,stern&strictsevere作“严厉”解时,可以用来形容人(severefather严厉的父亲),人的面貌(severelook严厉的神色),人的态度(。)。stern与severe相近,但用途比较窄,一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如:asternfather和aseverefather都可以用,但含义稍有不同:aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求,积极的意义较多;asternfather则指对子女不含温情,要他们服从,消极的意味较多。strict相当于汉语的“严格的”,须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、定义、真理等)。例如:-Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.-:-Toshiba(东芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.:..:eptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresiandresignedonNewYear’sEve.-(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.)sequence:connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。(AsequenceofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)-:sequence&seriessequence是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的,即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻辑性的,即论点先后的衔接,相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如:-Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.(我记日期的能力很差,常把事情的先后次序弄混。)-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.(你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序,因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。)series是指“系列”、“组”,可以有先后衔接的次序,也可以没有,但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。例如:-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。)-memoratingtheOlympicGames.(邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。)Collocation:insequence顺次,挨次:..rapidsequenceinregularsequence按次序,;remember(,orthat-clause)-Irecognthefacebutcan’trecallhername.-Idon’trecallevermeetingher.-:recall,remember&remind这三个词都与“记忆”有关,前两个词有时可通用。recall“想起”,把忘记的东西又想起来了,其动作包含有意识的努力,因此常与can,could等词连用,强调一次的回忆。例如:-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.(我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。)-IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.(我记得她的脸,但是想不起在什么地方见过她。)remember“想起”,用处比较广泛,指事物自然在记忆中出现,不包含努力或意志。例如:-IsuddenlyrememberedIhadleftthebookinthelibrary.(我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。)如果remember表示有意识的行动,常指“记住”。例如:-Youmustrememberthisphonenumber.(你必须记住这个电话号码。)remind指“使某人想起”,“提醒”,宾语是人。具体用法如下:1)接宾语;2)接宾语+of+宾语;:..+不定式;4)接宾语+that-clause。例如:1)etit,pleaseremindme.(如果我忘了,请提醒我。)2)Thisremindsmeoflastyear.(这使我想起去年的事。)3)RemindmetowritetomyMom.(提醒我给妈妈写信。)4)ThesightoftheclockremindedmethatIwaslate.(看到钟我想起自己迟到了。).1)adisagreement;aquarrel-)areasongiventosupportordisprovesth.-Therearemanyargumentsagainstsmoking.-那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。(Thefamousprofessorcanalwaysdrivehomeanargument.)Collocation:getintoanargument加入/卷入争论breakoffanargument中断一场争论terminateanargument结束一场争论settleanargument解决一场争论abitter/violent/heatedargument激烈的争论putforward/offeranargument提出论点confuteanargument驳倒一个论点putdown:writedown:..(Thehousekeeperputsdownthedailyexpensesinalittlenotebook.)-Putdownwhatyouhear,please..actagainst-Speedingindowntownareasviolatestrafficregulations.-countryisn’:(music,poetry,etc.)-Thepresident’?-,prise&constitute这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose常见于被动语态,posedof的结构,表示“由…构成”;在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思,而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如:-posedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.(混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。)-England,posetheislandofGreatBritain.(英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。)consistof意为“由…构成”,强调结果是一个统一整体。例如:-NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs.(纽约市由五个行政区组成。)comprise可表示“由…构成”;也可表示“构成”。例如:-prisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.(这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。)-prisetheUnitedStates.(美国由50个州组成。):..和特征上,亦或在组织上,与组成成分是一致的。例如:-Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.(七天构成一个星期。)in:;(apersonorthing);returnMatchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.-Thecriminalturnedherselfin.(2)-Foryourfinalgrade,eachofyoumustturnina7-pagepaper.(1)-Youmustturninyouruniformwhenyouleavethearmy.(3)-Haveyouallturnedinyourhomeworkforlastnight?(1)command:1..order-mandthatallprisonersofwarshouldbewelltreated.-(to)-船长命令船员立刻离船。(mandedhismentoleavetheshipimmediately.)-mandwisely,you’llbeobeyedcheerfully.(*谚语]指挥有方,人人乐从。)-mandhimself.([谚语]不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人。)NB:像suggest,demand等动词一样,mand后面的that从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+原形动词”或直接加原形动词,而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如:-mandedthatallthegates(should):mandof控制:..mandof…atone'scommand能充分掌握…mandof开始担任…指挥under(mandof由…指挥;在…指挥之下mand&ordercommand暗含“必须服从”的意思,比较正式。例如:-mandedhissoldierstoopenfireontheenemy.(军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。)order指一般的上级“命令”下级,较普通、常用。例如:-Hewasorderedtowriteafullreportonthematter.(他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。)more:inaddition;moreimportantly-’smore,shehasalreadypublishedthreebooksongardening.-你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视,更有甚者,他好像几个月没刷牙了!(Howcanyoulovethisman?HewatchesTValldaylong,andwhat’smore,heseemsnottohavebrushedhisteethformonths!)back:1)preventtheexpressionof(feelings,tears,etc.)-Johnnycriedbitterlyintheclassroom,)-)preventthedevelopmentof-eagoodmusician,)keep(sth.)secret-把事情全告诉我,不要隐瞒任何细节。(Tellmeaboutit—don’tholdanythingback.):...etawayfrom()-littleboywhohadbrokenaneighbor’swindowranawaytoavoidpunishment/beingpunished.-(Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.)NB:英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词,不能跟不定式,如:avoid,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,mind,miss,postpone,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff等,我们在使用中要特别注意。CF:avoid&escape两词均有“避”的意思。avoid指“(有意识地)躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况,而不是“逃避”实际的威胁。例如:-Hedeliberatelyavoidedseeingme.(他故意回避我。)-Thedangercanbeavoidedifwelayourplanscarefully.(如果我们计划定得周密,危险就可以避免。)escape作及物动词时,表示“逃脱”,常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如:-hatthingslikethatcouldescapedetection?(他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢?)-Thenamehasescapedmymemory.(我记不得那名字了。)theeleventhhour:-Johnturnedinthereportattheeleventhhour.-那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。(Thepresident’svisitwascalledoffattheeleventhhour.)career:’slife:..Myfarmerparentshaveneverexpectedmetomakenovelwritingmycareer.-教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。(My