英语单词词性转变一般规律.docx

该【英语单词词性转变一般规律 】是由【雨林小课堂】上传分享，文档一共【9】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【英语单词词性转变一般规律 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。英语单词词性转变的一般规律动词(v.)→名词(n.)词形不变,词性改变比如:work,study,water,plant等能够用作动词(工作,学****浇水,栽种),也能够用作名词(工作,学****水,植物).一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or以后就变为了表示"某一类人"的名词比如:work—worker,teach—teacher,sing—singer,jump—jumper,play—player,learn—learner,visit—visitor,invent—inventor,collect—:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-:drive—driver,write—)以重读闭音节结尾,且末端只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末端的辅音字母,再加-er比如:run—runner,win—winner,begin—-ment变为名词比如:achieve—achievement(成就)advertise—advertisement比如:argue—argument(争辩)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变为名词比如:attract—attraction;instruct—instruction;invent—inventiondiscuss—discussion;express—expressioneducate—education;graduate—graduation;operate—operation(去e再加"ion")anize—organization(把e改成其余字母再加"tion")decide—decisionconclude—conclusion(把de改为s再加"ion")describe—description描绘,描述(这是特例,不规则变化)在动词词尾加上-ance变为名词比如:appear—appearance(相貌;出现)perform—performance(演出)accept—acceptance(接受)在动词词尾加-ing变为名词(方法与动词变为此刻分词的方法同样)比如:meet—meetingbuild—buildingwait—waitingbathe—bathingsay—saying(谚语)mean—meaningend—endingtrain—trainingwash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末端只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末端的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimmingshop—shoppingbegin—beginning其余一些比较特别的变化比如:Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识)fly—flight(飞翔)heat(加热)—heat(热量)hit(撞击)—hit(惊动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix(混淆)—mixture(混淆物)press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat(座位)eed—ess(成功)tour—tour(旅行)/tourist(旅客)(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后边加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示拥有此性质,:afford-affordable;love-lovable(b)动词后边加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,:scatter-scattereduse-used不规则的动词则一定记忆,,意义同(b).(n.)→形容词(adj.)在名词后边加-y能够变为形容词(特别是一些与天气相关的名词)比如:rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,wind—windy,snow—snowy,health—healthy,luck—lucky,anger—angryguilt—guilty(愧疚的)tourist—touristy(旅客多的),salt(盐)—salty(咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的),sleep—sleepy(昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)假如以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如:sun—sunny,fun—funny,fog—foggy(有雾的),fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少量以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y".如:noise—noisy,ice—icy,shine—shiny(发亮的),taste(口胃)—tasty(甜的)名词后边加-ed,:spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的);talent—talented(有天分的)anized有组织的;balance—balanced(均衡的)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful能够变为形容词比如:care—careful,thank—thankful,help—helpful,use—useful,meaning—meaningful在名词后加-less组成含有否认意义的形容词比如:care—careless(马虎的),use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变为形容词比如:difference—different,silence—silent,confidence—confident(f).在名后加-ly形容比如:friend—friendly,love—lovely,live---lively(g).在名后加-ous形容比如:danger—dangerous(h)名后边加-al形容比如:music—musical;medicine—medical(个比特别)名后边加-able形容,假如以e尾就去e再加"-able".比如:adjust—adjustable可整的value—valuable有价的名后边加-en成形容比如:wood—wooden木制的wool—woolen羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名能够在尾加-ese,-ish或-n组成表示国籍,言的形容比如:China—Chinese,Japan—Japanese,England—English,America—American,India—Indian,Australia—Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)4..形容(adj.)→副(adv.)▲一般在形容的尾加-ly能够成副比如:quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等可是,以下几点得注意:一些以"音字母+y"尾的形容,要把y改i再加-ly比如:happy—happily,angry—angrily,lucky—luckily,heavy—heavily,noisy—noisily有些以-ble或-le尾的形容,去掉e加-y比如:possible—possibly,terrible—terribly少量以e尾的形容,要去掉e再加-ly比如:true—truly但大部分以e尾的形容仍旧直接加-ly比如:polite—politely,wide—widely(d)以-l尾的形容副要在尾加-ly,以--ll尾的才在尾只加-:usual—usually,careful—carefully,useful—usefullyfull—fully(以-ll尾的才只加y)英语词汇后缀系列(一)——形容词后缀able以“-able”尾的形容一般有两种状况:(1)v.+able→“能??的”、“能够(被)??的”、“合适于??的”、“得??的”等,即有被含。比如:reliable(能够依靠的),drinkable(能够用的),eatable(可食用的)。(2)n.+able→“拥有??特色的”,如(有道理的),comfortable(舒坦的)。reasonablevaluable(有价的),fashion,名--,髦的love,名(e尾就去e再加"-able".)-----可的今日就从最的–able写起。-able是一个拉丁形容后,意“thatcanbe~ed,能够被?的”,一般用在及物的后边。-able有一个体-ible,一般加在拉丁根的后边。1.-able直接加在“及物”后边adjustable:adjust(v.)+-able可的”;respectable:respect()+-able可敬的”;adaptable:suit()+-able可适的”;2.-able加在“形”的后边applicable:apply()+-able“可用的”deniable:deny()+-able“能否的”triable:try(v.)+-able“可的”usable:use()+-able“可用的,适用的”3.-able有与名合,表示“予?的”,“得?的”,–able后边加上不及物,组成的形容有主含agreeable:agree()+-ableà,意的reliable:rely()+-ableà:shrink()+-ableà:vary()+-ableà–able加在根后边capable:cap-(tohold)+-ableà:dur-(tolast持)+-ableà–ible加上“根”组成形容tangible:tang-(/tact-=totouch)+-ibleà可触摸的visible:vis(=tosee)+-terrible:terr(=tofrighten)+-ibleàà可怕的negligible:neglig(=neglect忽视)+-ibleà可忽视的形容副的?形容副往常是加?一般直接加,“元e”去ly,其化有律可循,住以下口:e加,“y”改i加,“le”尾e改y。分别举比以下:quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;possible-possibly详细规则以下:“ly”,如:?quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;immediate-immediately;?recent-recentlyreal-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly?-y或-:true-truly;e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,terrible-terribly;true-truly;然gentle-gentlydue-;充分地;准时地?绝大部分辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:?polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely?“y”结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:?happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busilyeasy-easily可是假如读音为/ai/,直接加ly,如:dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly?,加ally,如:?economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;?automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;?可是public-publicly例外。,去e加y,如:?simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly?gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly?元音字母加le时加ly,如:sole-,独一地。可是whole-wholly例外。?以-ll;结尾时,只须加–y,如:dull--;刺眼地adj.愚钝地;烦闷地;没精尖声的;刺眼的需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:?friendlypeople;motherlycare;lovelydog;monthlyexam;heavenlypeace;amanlysport