张维友词汇学chapter4.ppt

Chapter 4
Word Formation
Q:What are the main ways of word-formation in English?
1) Affixation 2) Compounding 3) conversion
4) shortening5) clipping 6) acronymy 
7) blending
Q:what are the most productive?
affixation , compounding and conversion
. affixation
Prefixation:
negative prefixes: a-, non, ir :
reversative prefixes:de- , dis- ( 既属于negative , 也属于reversative prefixes )
pejorative prefixes: mal-,pseudo-, mis- :
prefixes of degree or size:super , sur-, extra :
prefixes of orientation and attitude:anti-, contra-, counter-, 
pro- 
locative prefixes: trans-, fore- tele- 
prefixes of time and order:fore-, post- r 
 number prefixes: bi-, uni-, semi- 
miscellaneous prefixes: pan-, vice - :
Suffixation  :
1. Noun suffixes 
1) Denominal nouns 
2) Deverbal nouns 
3) De-adjective nouns: -ity, -ness,
4) Noun and adjective suffixes
 suffixes 
1)Denominal suffixes
2)Deverbal suffixes
 suffixes 
 suffixes
. Compounding (composition)
2 words (or more than 2) put together
. Hot line; laser bomb; black hole; baby-sit;
job-hop; window-shop; toothache; silkworm
round-the-clock negotiation
A. According to orthographic criterion, compounds are written in three ways:
1) solid, such as bedtime
2) hyphenated, such as above-mentioned
3) open, such as reading material
, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and a secondary stress on the second element.
`old /friends
`new /friends
`pure /scientists
, compounds can often be identified as “ having a meaning which may be related to but can not simply be inferred from the meaning of its parts.
A darkroom is not just a room that is dark, rather a room used for photographic processing.