过去完成时详解和练习.ppt

初中英语之过去完成时
一、定义、形式、判断
过去完成时与现在完成时
过去完成时与一般过去时
三、总结
二、比较
:表示一个动作在过去某一个动作或过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成。即“过去的过去”。
---------|-------------- |---------------|---------->
那时之前那时现在
其中 had 通用于各种人称。
:1)肯定式:
2)否定式:
3)疑问式:
had+ 过去分词
had not +过去分词
Had +主语+过去分词
:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
b. “过去的过去”
( 1 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如:When I got to the station, the train had already left.
注意:
before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 2 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如:She said that she had seen the film before.
( 3 )表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…
如: We had hoped that you e, but you didn't.
c. 根据上下文比较判断
如:He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前)
过去完成时的例句:
had told them the story of the broken bike on Monday when he was 20 minutes later for class.
星期一他迟到20分钟就借故说是自行车坏了。
had nearly forgotten about the shoe problem.
had not finished it when he came back.
you finished the work when he came back?
他差不多把鞋的事忘了。
他回来时我们还没有完成。
他回来时你们工作完成了吗?
过去完成时与现在完成时
:过去完成时以过去某个时间为基点,而现在完成时以现在作为时间的基点。因此,过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时。
,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调"过去的过去",只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
Tom is not hungry. He has just had breakfast.
Tom was not hungry, He had just had breakfast.
例句比较:
(现在完成时)
(过去完成时)