语法模块8.ppt

介词是英语中比较活跃的词, 中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活, 意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。今后高考对介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学****介词时,考生应重点掌握介词的基本用法, 同时注意总结其与名词、
语法模块8 介词和介词短语
形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
考点1 介词的基本用法
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。
:
(1)表地点(包括动向),如:about, above, across, after, along, a-mong, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, be-
tween, beyond, by, down, from, in, into, near, off, on, over, through, throughout, to, towards, under, up, upon, with, within, without等。
注意:有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,
around, near, over, towards外,还有among, behind, beneath, be-tween, on, to, under等。
(2)表时间, 如:about, after, around, as, at, before, behind, be-tween, by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until), to, towards, within等。
(3)表除去,如:besides, but, except等。
(4)表比较,如:as, like, above, over等。
(5)表赞成、反对,如:against, for, with等。
(6)表原因、目的, 如:for, from, with等。
(7)表结果,如:to, with, without等。
(8)表手段、方式,如:by, in, with等。
(9)表所属,如:of, with等。
(10)表条件,如:on, without, considering等。
(11)表让步,如:despite, in spite of等。
(12)表关于,如:about, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to等。
(13)表对于,如:to, for, over, at, with等。
(14)表根据,如:on, according to等。
(15)表其他,如:without(没有)等。
介词不能独立在句中做成分,介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。
(1)作定语:
The book on the table is mine. 桌上的书是我的。
(2)作状语:
We have breakfast at 。(表时间)

They were late for meeting because of the heavy 雨他们开会迟到了。(表原因)
They started the machine by pressing the 钮,开动了机器。(表方法)
(3)作表语:
My dictionary is in the 。
(4)作宾语补足语:
I found him in the office. 我发现他在办公室。
考点2 常见介词的活用
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义以及准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词, 应重点掌握:
,意为“在……正上方;越过;遮住;盖住”,也
可表时间,意为“在……期间;(多年)以来”等,它还有“在……(问题)上;对(某事)”等引申意义。如:
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of 快地交谈。