汉译英长句的翻译方法.ppt

汉译英中虚词的处理和添加



打架用砖乎,照脸乎,不宜乱乎;
既然乎,岂可一人独乎?有朋一起乎,使劲乎,不宜乐乎,乎不着再乎,乎着往死里乎,乎死拉倒也!
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理解虚词
Fuction word: a word, as a pronoun or preposition, that is used in a language as a substitute for another or as a marker of syntactic relationship.
形态词(具有词形变化):名词、动词、形容词、副词(morphous word)
功能词(只有语法功能):限定词、疑问词、介词、连词、修饰词、助动词、从属词。
实词:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词
虚词:冠词、介词、连词、叹词
虚词的作用
“虚字之乖,判于燕越。……一字之失,一句为之蹉跎;一句之误,通篇为之梗塞。”——刘淇《助字辨略》
“英语的虚词是形态的补充和替代,汉语的虚词是语义虚化的产物和填补语义空缺的语音手段。”——潘文国
虚词在英语中起着衔接、连贯的胶合作用,和实词之间可谓水乳交融,如果缺失就会发生逻辑混乱,甚至成为病句
“if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen.”
“文章的抑扬顿挫、气韵的顺畅与否,都与虚词的运用有关。”——申小龙
分析:虚词的理解及处理、虚词的添加
假若单单是有阳光,那也算不了出奇。请闭上眼睛想:一个老城,有山有水,全在天底下晒着阳光,暖和安适地睡着,只等春风来把它们唤醒,这是不是个理想的境界?
But there is more than just sunshine. Close your eyes and picture to yourself: an ancient town, with mountains and lakes, dozing in the sunlight, warm fortable, waiting for the spring breezes to blow it awake.
分析:虚词的理解及处理、虚词的添加
其实,是个人都不免有“低俗”的需求和“低俗”的时候,都可能是私下里“低俗”的一份子。所以,“低俗”或许可以限制,可以省思,但不宜人为取消,否则,岂不连人类的繁衍都成了问题?
Frankly, everyone as a matter of course has times and needs that are ill mannered, which are perhaps part of all of our private lives. Therefore, “vulgarity” can perhaps be contained and reflected upon, but it’s almost impossible for people to eliminate it altogether. Otherwise, how could the propagation of the human species not be in jeopardy?
虚词的理解和翻译
语气意义:地道
衔接意义:流畅
实词不过是照搬字典,虚词才是句子组织的决定因素。虚词的处理检验着语感,体现了译者的风格。实词可以使译文达到“信”,但虚词的正确使用可以使译文“达”甚至“雅”。
英语常用语气词
Alas! He missed the train! 哎呀!他误了火车了!
Gee, everything seems so good. 哇!每样好像都很不错
Oh, my gosh, you‘re delirious. 噢,我的天哪,你都开始乱说话了
Hmmm, maybe I'll check it ,也许我需要去看看。
Tut, tut! Such a big child acting like a spoiled child. 那么大的孩子还撒娇,真没羞。
“Ouch!I was bitten by a bug!”
Oops! I locked my key in the car.
试译:
他说:"老兄,原来你在这里,你还活着吗,呃?“
"So there you are, old chap, still in the land of the living, eh? " he said.
天哪,你能别那么嚷嚷吗?这儿可有人要学****br/>Gosh! Would you stop screamin