The renaissance 英国文学史及选读课件.ppt

The Early Modern Period
(15th-mid17th century)

English Renaissance (1)
(16th—mid 17th century)
Historical background
Socially

The Hundred Years” War
(1337-1453)
between France and England
Historical background
Socially
2. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
between the houses of York (white rose emblem) and Lancaster ( red rose) for possession of the throne; Henry VII of Lancaster, married the daughter of Edward IV, completed the self-destruction of nobles as a ruling class
Henry VII (1485-1509) founded the Tudor dynasty which was a centralized monarchy and met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie and so won its support.
Historical background
Socially
4. Agricultural→manufacturing+trade
Land Enclosure 圈地运动; “citizens”, “g(u)ilds”
Historical background
Socially
7. Royalty
the Tudors(都铎): Henry VII unified England
(not Scotland and Ireland)
Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Mary (1553-58)
Elizabeth (1558-1603)
Historical background
Socially
7. Royalty
the Stuarts: James I (1603-1685)
James II (1685-88)
William and Mary
(1688-1702)
Historical background
Socially
5.. Henry VIII started the movement Reformation, Declaring the separation from the Roman Catholic Church, implementing a large-scale suppression of the monasteries and confiscating(充公) the property of the Church to enrich the new bourgeois. while his daughter Queen Mary carried out Counter-Reformation movement, caused the bloody persecution.
The reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) was a period of political and religious stability and economic prosperity. The rise of the bourgeoisie also showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life.
Historical background
Ideologically
1. Copernicus (1473-1543, Polish astronomer) and German Johannes Kepler about the center of the universe (heliocentric, not Earth, E circles around the Sun)
Italian Galileo’s(1564-1642) gravitational force, discovery of Jupiter’s satellites, Moon’s mountainous nature, etc.