北京化工大学北方学院应用化学专业本科毕业设计（论文）.doc

年处理量为2万吨丙烯-丙烷分离过程精馏塔设计
摘要

精馏塔是进行精馏的一种塔式气液接触装置,又称蒸馏塔。有板式塔和填料塔两种类型。根据操作方式又分为连续精馏塔与间歇精馏塔。蒸汽从塔底进入,与下降液进行逆流接触,两相接触中,下降液中的易挥发(低沸点)组分不断地向蒸汽中转移,蒸汽中的难挥发(高沸点)组分不断地向下降液中转移。蒸汽愈接近塔顶,其易挥发组分浓度愈高,而下降液愈接近塔底,其难挥发组分愈富集,达到组分分离的目的。由塔顶上升的蒸汽进入冷凝器,冷凝的一部分作为回流液返回塔顶进入精馏塔中,其余的部分则作为馏出液取出。塔底流出的液体,其中的一部分送入再沸器,热蒸发后,蒸汽返回塔中,另一部分液体作为釜残液放出。
关键词:丙烯,精馏塔,浮阀塔,开孔率
Abstract
Distillation is a distillation tower for vapor-liquid contact device, also known as distillation. A plate column and packed column types. According to mode of operation are divided into continuous distillation and batch distillation. Steam from the bottom of the column entry, and the decline in liquid countercurrent contact with the two in contact, the drop in the volatile liquid (low boiling point) components is continuously transferred to the steam. The difficulty of steam volatile (high boiling) component continued to decline in the transfer of liquid, steam the closer the top of the tower, the higher the concentration of its ponents, while the decline in the closer tower bottom liquid, its hard to be more ponents rich set, to ponent separation. Steam rising from the top of the tower into the condenser, the liquid part of the condensate as reflux liquid to return into the distillation tower, the rest is removed as distillate. Tower bottom outflow of liquid, some of which into the reboiler, thermal evaporation, the steam back to tower, and the other part of the liquid as residua release.
Keywords:propylene,distillation,propylene distillation tower,opening rate
目录
1 绪论 1
丙烯的性质 1
丙烯的物理性质 1
丙烯的化学性质 1
概况 1
精馏概述 1
精馏装置流程 2
2 设计计算 3
毕业设计(论文)任务书 3
设计(论文)的主要任务 3
设计(论文)的主要内容 3
设计(论文)的基本要求 3
设计方案的确定 3
精馏塔的物料衡算 4
原料液及塔顶、塔釜丙烯的摩尔分数 4
原料液及塔顶、塔釜产品的平均摩尔质量 4
物料衡算 4
塔温的确定 4
确定进料温度 4
5
确定塔釜温度 5
精馏塔板数的确定 6
最小回流比的计算 6
计算最少理论塔板数 7
实际塔板数的计算 7
进料位置的确定 8
全塔热量衡算 8
冷凝器的热量衡算 8
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