一曰孔子.ppt

Chapter Two Traditional Chinese Educational Thought
– From Confucius and Mencius to Zhu Xi to Cai Yuanpei
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Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
Starting from Lin Yutang
Confucius and Mencius
Neo-Confucius (Zhu Xi)
Cai Yuanpei and Lin
New Confucianism
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Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
1. Starting from Lin Yutang
The College (by LIN Yutang)
But true scientists are as rare in China as they are in the West. On the other hand, we have as many political candidates as there are PhDs in America, men who need a rank to earn their own bread and other people’s respect. Perhaps the Chinese official candidates are a greater pest to society than the American PhDs.
Both of them pass an examination which means no more or less than that the candidate has done a certain amount of drudgery with a mediocre intelligence, both of them want the rank for mercial reasons, and both of them have received an education which totally unfits them for anything except the handling of books and peddling of knowledge.
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Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
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The Chinese PhDs, however, had a distinctly official favor about them. There were among them real talents, who took these degrees for no earthly reason except for fun and ease of taking them, and who climbed very high, reaching the last stage of imperial examinations, ing a chinshih or hanlin. These went out as magistrates[1] or became officials at the capital.
The great majority of them sunk in the first or second grades, called hsiuts’ai (B. A.) and chujen (.) respectively. Still a great majority never reached even the first grade, and they were called the “students” or chusheng.
There were many such “students”(men of mature age) fed by their districts from official or municipal[2] foundations, and these swarmed in the countryside like so many unemployed.
[1] an official entrusted with administration of the laws
[2] relating to or belonging to the gover