语法知识：形容词、副词比较级、最高级.doc

语法知识:形容词(adj.)或副词(adv.)的比较级,最高级
(一)比较级,最高级的构成
A. 单音节和部分双音节:
1. 一般情况下直接加er, est
eg: tall – taller – tallest long – longer – longest
2. 以不发音的e结尾,直接加r, st
eg: nice – nicer – nicest late – later – latest
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加er, est
eg: easy – easier – easiest early – earlier – earliest
4. 重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写最末一个字母再加er, est
eg: big – bigger – biggest hot – hotter – hottest
(注:常见的要双写的还有:thin, wet, fat等)
5. 不规则变化
good many
better – best more – most
well much
ill older – oldest
worse – worst old
bad(ly) elder – eldest
farther – farthest
far little – less – least
further – furthest
B. 多音节和部分双音节:
1. 在原级前加more 构成比较级
eg: beautiful —— more beautiful carefully —— more carefully
2. 在原级前加most 构成最高级
eg: carefully —— most carefully
(二)运用
A. 比较级的应用:
1. 在表示两者之间比较时,常用than连接,than表示“比……”
eg: Tom is younger than Jim.
2. 比较级前用the的常见情况:
a. 当表示两者比较具有特指关系,且用of连接时,比较级前要用the
eg: Tom is the younger of the two boys.
b. 当指两件不同的事情之间有一定的内在联系,一件“越……”就会导致另一件“越……”时,常用句型:“the + 比+ 陈述句(一),the + 比+ 陈述句(二)”
eg: The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.
The more, the better.
3. 表示同一人或物“越来越……”,常用“比and比”或“more and more + 原级”
eg: It gets colder and colder.
The flowers in the garden are more and more beautiful.
4. 在相互比较时,前文提到过的同类的人或物,在后文中再次出现时,常用that / those替代,其中that常用于代替不可数或可数单数,those代替可数复数。
eg: The weather in Picture 3 is colder than that in