彩礼返还法律问题分析.docx

A Study On The Legal Issues Regarding The Return Of Bride Price
A Dissertation Submitted to
the Graduate School of Henan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master of Juris Master
By
Li Yueling
Supervisor: Prof. Zhou Liming & Feng Jianguo May, 2015
摘 要
婚约是中国存在几千年的传统****俗,虽然制定法对此采取回避的态度,但是依然不影响它的存在。当今社会在广大地区,订立婚约依然是结婚的前置程序。与婚约伴随产生的往往是彩礼的给付,随着物质水平的不断提高,彩礼的数额和价值也越来越高,如果最终婚姻不成,往往就会产生彩礼方面的纠纷。最高人民法院颁布的《关于适用<中华人民共和国婚姻法>若干问题的解释(二)》第十条尽管已对彩礼返还纠纷的解决做出了规定,但是该规定过于概括,因而引发很多争议。例如它没有对彩礼的法律属性做出规定,彩礼的范围不甚明确,诉讼主体不甚明朗,缺乏处理彩礼纠纷的适用原则等。本文立足客观实际和司法实践,认为对于彩礼问题,应该坚持婚姻自由原则、公平原则和过错责任原则,明确彩礼的法律属性,界定彩礼的范围,明确此类纠纷的诉讼主体等相关问题,完善婚约彩礼方面的立法,以发挥法律解决纠纷维护社会和谐稳定的目的。
本文由引言、正文、结语组成,正文分为三个部分。第一部分介绍了婚约彩礼方面的两个典型案例,同时对案例所涉及的基本问题进
行了分析,比如彩礼的意义,彩礼的法律属性,婚约与彩礼的关系等。关于彩礼的法律属性有很多种观点,在此仅讨论了附义务赠与说、附解除条件赠与说、目的赠与说,笔者同意目的赠与说,但是根据现实情况和司法解释来看,此目的不是缔结婚姻而是婚姻长久。
第二部分分析了彩礼纠纷的现状和存在的问题,主要表现在民俗****惯与制定法的冲突,彩礼纠纷的诉讼主体与诉讼时效不明确,彩礼范围不明确,证据认定和执行难等问题。
第三部分主要包括两大块,一是明确彩礼纠纷应适用的原则诸如婚姻自由原则、公平原则和过错责任原则;二是立法方面的完善建议,如制定彩礼返还规则时引入****惯, 明确彩礼的范围,明确彩礼纠纷案的诉讼主体与诉讼时效,完善此类纠纷的证据认定, 健全和解与调解制度。
关键词:目的赠与,彩礼返还,调判结合
ABSTRACT
Marital engagement has existed for thousands of years as a traditional Chinese laws have taken an evasive attitude, it still does not affect its existence. In today's society in most regions, conclude an engagement ceremony is still a prerequisite step before marriage. Engagements tend to be associated with the payment of bride price,and with the constant improvement of the level of material standards, the amount and value of the dowry has consequently the marriage does not ultimately has happen , disputes regarding the bride price often arise . The Supreme People's Court issued “Several Interpretations on < marriage law of the People's Republic of China > (2) ”in which article 10 was specifically on disputes regarding return of bride pride. However,the provision is overly general thus still causing a lot of controversy. For example it does not stipulate the legal attr