《三遂平妖传》述补结构浅论-汉语言文字学专业毕业论文.docx

摘 要
本文以《三遂平妖传》为语料对述补结构作专书的、专题的研究与探讨。对其中的动结式、动趋式、由“得"字充任补语的述补结构、用“得"作语法标记的述补结构、用“将" 作语法标记的述补结构和用“了"作语法标记的述补结构作了一些初步的描写与解释,对这五种形式的述补结构在《三遂平妖传》中的分布状况、形式特征、结构规律、语义特点等作了一些探讨,重点是对动趋式的结构类型和语义特征的分析。
我们首先对动结式的句法结构类型和语义特征进行了简要地分析,认为各种动结式的结构形式基本完备,动结式述补结构的述语既可是及物动词,也可是不及物动词,还没有发现述语为形容词的用例。动趋式述补结构指述语动词后带有趋向补语的述补结构,充当趋向补语的可以是单音节趋向动词称为“单趋补",也可以是双音节趋向动词称为“双趋补”,双趋补与以前相比数量众多、形式多样。在述语动词与双趋补之间或双趋补的前后两个补语之间有受事宾语、处所宾语等不同的结构句式,补语的语法意义大体可分成趋向义、结果义和动态义三类。
根据补语的语义特征,由“得”字充任的补语主要有结果补语和可能补语两种补语类型,句法结构有“V得式、V得0式"等,其中的宾语“0"有单词,短语和句子三种。用“得’’作语法标记的述补结构有三类:可能补语,状态补语和程度补语。在《平妖传》中, 用“将’’和“了"字作语法标记的组合式述补结构补语比较单纯,均为趋向补语。
由此可见,<三遂平妖传》所反映的宋元时期的述补结构呈多样性,发展的较为完善, 处于古代与现代述补结构的动态的过渡阶段。为现代汉语中述补结构的全面发展和更加丰富奠定了基础。
关键词:《三遂平妖传》;。述语; 补语; 述补结构
Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze and explore the plement eonstrtuction of the book named as“SAN SUI PING YAO ZHUAN’’in special describe and explain the semantic feature and grammar structure of two kinds of plement eonstrtuetion,they
ale the bound form and position form,the bound form includes the verb-result form、
verb—direction form and the form plement are acted by“得井,position insists of the plement constrtuction as mark in“得”,as mark in“将靠and as mark in“了力. We explore the distribution condition and semantic feature of the five kinds of admex- complement structure in the lay OUr emphasis on the structure of verb-direction form.
Firstly,we analyze briefly the structure type and semantic feature of the verb—result form.
We“nk all kinds of types of verb·result the admixes are verbs,there isn’t any verb-derection form means there are plement following the admex. there ale two kinds plement which called single derection and twin derection
to the semantic feature of plement,plement is acted by “得”has two kinds,they are plement and plement,the grammar structure has“V得、v得0"and S0 “得”plement has three kinds,they are plement、plement and plement.
Key words:“SAN SUI PING YAO ZHUAN'’;plement; plemen