代词用法.ppt

一、代词辨析

(1) some 一般用于肯定句中,但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时, 可用于疑问句中; any一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中,但当any强调“任何一……”时,用于肯定句中。something,somebody,someone的用法同some;anything,anybody,anyone的用法同any。如:
— Would you like to give me some if you have any?
— Yes, I'd love to. You e and get them any day you like.
(2) some “某一”,修饰可数名词单数,暗含不知道,不便说明等。如:
There must be some job you can do.
代词
, nobody, no one与nothing
none既可指人又可指物,表示特指概念,其后可跟of所引导的一个范围,常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句;no one和nobody只能指人,表示泛指概念,常回答who引导的疑问句,且不可与of短语搭配,nothing只能指物,表示泛指概念,常回答what引导的疑问句。如:
— Who is in the reading room?— No one/ Nobody.
— How much petrol is left?— None.
— What's in your hand?— Nothing.

another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个;the other指两者当中的另一个,也可接名词复数,特指其他某些人或物;other意思是“其他的”,不能单独使用,后面必须接名词,表泛指;others可指其他的人或东西,相当于other+名词复数;the others特指其他某些人或物,相当于the other+名词复数。
两者
三者(或以上)
例句
部分
否定
Not both = Both … not
Not all =All…not
Not every=every…not
①“Everything is not right” doesn‘t equal “Nothing is right”.
②Not all of them like English. Just some do.
全部
否定
Neither=not … either
None= Not…any/a=no…
①—Which of the two films would you like to see?
—I'm interested in neither.
②Not one of them were hurt. =None of them were hurt.

代词
功能
例句
one
one:单数,ones:复数,泛指前面提及的人或物。one之前有形容词修饰时可以与不定冠词、定冠词、基数词、物主代词或名词所有格连用。
①A bridge built of stones is stronger than one built of wood.
②I don't like this green apple. Please give me a red one/the red one on the table.
③The girls in our class are more active than those in your class.
④The population of China is larger than that of America.
⑤Our rules are quite different from those of anizations.
⑥I left my pen on the desk. But now it is gone.
That/those
that、those+后置定语,特指替代同类中的人或物(that一般不指人)。
不可数名词只能用that
it
代替前文出现的同一事物,即指同类同物
三、it的几大考点
1. it 用作形式主语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式:
(1) 用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如:
It (so) happened that I had no