Subjunctive Mood
1. 语气Mood
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。包括陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①There are two sides to every 。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!
祈使语气祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the 。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the ,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the 。
③May you eed!祝您成功!
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况,或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿(或诅咒)等等,以及表达说话人的主观愿望。
时间
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
将来
动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在
动词过去式(be 用 were)
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去
had +动词过去分词
would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
情态动词+ have done
could have done 本来可以- - -
might have done 本来可能- - -
should / ought to have done 本来应该做- - -
shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -
你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .
needn’t have done 本不必做- - -
比较:didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做- - -
我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了
I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
would have done 本来会去做----
(1)与现在事实相反
If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun.
如果地球没有引力,月球就会飞向太阳。
If I were/was you I would reconsider their proposal.
我要是你,我就会重新考虑他们的建议。
If it weren’t/wasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor.
要是现在不下雨,我们就不会呆在屋里。
If the manager were/was here, he might make a decision.
要是经理在这儿,他也许会作出决定。
(2)与过去事实相反
If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake.
她要不是听了你的劝告,就要犯大错误了。
She would e if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是太忙,她就来了。
(3)与将来事实相反,或将来不太可能发生,或说话人主观上不希望发生
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来作这件事,我会用另一种做法。
If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.
如果火箭几秒钟内竟
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