宏观经济学原理 曼昆经济学.ppt

10
P R I N C I P L E S O F
F O U R T H E D I T I O N
Measuring a Nation’s e
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
How is GDP related to a nation’s total e and spending?
What are ponents of GDP?
How is GDP corrected for inflation?
Does GDP measure society’s well-being?
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
Micro vs. Macro
Microeconomics: The study of how individual households and firms make decisions, interact with one another in markets.
Macroeconomics: The study of the economy as a whole.
We begin our study of macroeconomics with the country’s total e and expenditure.
Micro vs. Macro
Examples of questions that microeconomics seeks to answer:
how do consumers decide how much of each good to buy?
how do firms decide how much output to produce, and what price to charge?
what determines the price and quantity of individual goods and services?
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
Micro vs. Macro
Examples of questions that macroeconomics seeks to answer:
how do consumers decide how to divide their e between spending and saving?
what determines the total amount of employment and unemployment?
what determines the overall level of prices, and the rate of inflation?
why is does the economy go through cycles, where things are great for a few years (like the late ’90s), and then worse in a year or two (like 2001-2002)?
when unemployment is high, what can the government do to help?
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
e and Expenditure
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures total e of everyone in the economy.
GDP also measures total expenditure on the economy’s output of g&s.
For the economy as a whole, e equals expenditure, because every dollar a buyer spends is a dollar of e for the seller.
CHAPTER 10 MEASURING A NATION’S E
The Circular-Flow Diagram
a simple depiction of the macroeconomy
illustrates GDP as spending, revenue,