英语语言学（教学课件）chapter3 Morphology.ppt

Chapter 3 Morphology
language
sentence
clause
phrase
word
Word morpheme
Introduction
Discovery procedure
Syntactic category and grammatical units
The child found the knife.
A policeman found the knife.
The man who just left here found the knife.
He found the knife.
Hierarchy
Chapter 3 Morphology
Morphology: the study of the internal structure of the words and the rules for word-formation
unfriendly→unhappily; unkindly; unlonely
purify→simplify; falsify; amplify
Morpheme: a minimal unit of lexical or grammatical meaning
tourists
talks; talker; talked; talking
free morpheme: friend tour talk
Morpheme
bound morpheme: -ly un- ist -s
Chapter 3 Morphology
Free Morpheme: monomorphemic vs polymorphemic
Root: the basic element of a word that can stand by itself:
talk internationalism
Stem: the element involved in a word without the bound morpheme
friends friendships
a stem may be:
a simple stem consisting of one morpheme: works
a root plus a derivational affix: workers
two or more roots: work\shops
lexical(open) morphemes: book, love, happy
Free morpheme
functional(close) morphemes: but, when, the
Chapter 3 Morphology
Bound Morpheme: prefix, infix, suffix
derivational: -er; -ness; -ly
Bound Morpheme:
inflectional: -’s; -s; -ed; -ing; -er; -est
meaning
affix
Word class
derivational
Lexical
cite→citation
Prefix/suffix
Depart;teacher
Might/not
S