(一)语法
直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。
例如:She said, "I am very happy to help you."
→ She said that she was very happy to help you.
2. 直接引语是一般/选择疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。
例如: He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"
→ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。
例如: She asked me whether he could do it or not.
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"
→ My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。
例如: The captain ordered, "Be quiet."
→ The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."
→ My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事项
(1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。
例如: He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"
→ He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"
→ Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。
例如: They told their son, "The earth goes round the sun."
→ They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如: He said, "I haven't seen her today."
→ He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、
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