IGCSE经济重点词汇-employment.docx

IG经济- Employment and Unemployment
Key Terms
Meaning
Definition
Workforce
labour force
劳动力
Labour force or working population in an economy includes the number of unemployed and employed plus self-employed.
unemployment
失业
Unemployment occurs when people of working age are both willing and able to work but cannot find employment.
Unemployment rate
失业率
Unemployment rate is the number of unemployed percentage of the total workforce. (China %, America % , Oct. 2017)
Frictional
摩擦的
Frictional unemployment is the transitional unemployment that occurs when people change jobs, due to the time delay between leaving a job and finding or starting a new one.
Seasonal
季节的
Seasonal unemployment is caused by regular and periodical changes in demand for certain products. For example, fruit pickers are in high demand during the summer months while retailers tend to hire more temporary workers during the Christmas season. Tourism and farming also have the same issue.
technological
技术的
Technological unemployment occurs when workers lose their jobs due to firms opting to use capital-intensive technologies. This can cause large scale unemployment in certain industries. For example, supermarkets in Europe introduced self-service checkouts in 2009. Their huge ess and cost savings for supermarkets and other retailers mean that fewer workers need to be hired.
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