17 出生缺陷eng v(1).ppt

17 出生缺陷 Birth Defects
Birth defects are defined as abnormalities of structure, function, or body metabolism that are present at birth.
1. General
One of the mon worries for expectant parents is that something will be wrong with their baby.
However, most babies are born without problems, while most of those who are can have treatment that will make them much better, or even allow them to lead a normal life.
Understanding the nature and causes of birth defects can help reduce the mystery, fear and guilt often associated with them.
An international monitoring programme shows that, across Europe, just over 2 per cent of babies are discovered at birth to have a defect that will affect their ability to survive or function normally.
Some defects are often not discovered until later (eg deafness and problems in walking).
There is considerable regional variation in the rate of defects seen at birth. Glasgow and Dublin have traditionally been black spots, with rates over 3 per cent, but these figures are falling.
The number of babies actually born with defects is also markedly affected by the availability of prenatal screening, and the availability of voluntary termination of pregnancy in the case of severe abnormalities.
2. Forms of Birth Defects
Defects of limbs, heart and spinal cord represent about half of all abnormalities.