高中英语语法总结.doc

高中英语语法简单总结:
高中语法难在复杂,要记忆的知识点太多、太杂,我结合高中的语法要求大纲简单总结了我个人认为比较主要的知识点。大体把握思路,知道都有哪些知识点,然后多看、多做题,总结经常错的知识点,其实知识点是有限的,只要多看几遍,多过滤几遍,就会发现漏网之鱼已经很少了。
下文总结了十二个要点:
1、主谓一致
2、时态
3、语态
4、非谓语动词
5、情态动词
6、虚拟语气
7、句子种类
8、名词性从句
9、状语从句
10、定语从句
11、强调句
12、倒装句
当然以上并不是全部要点,还有一些比较基础的,比如:祈使句、省略句、名词等知识点比较简单,在平时做题中自然而然就积累下来了,不需要刻意背诵。
一、主谓一致
主谓一致的关键在于,分条记清楚,不要混淆。
以动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
To study English well is not easy.(动词不定式短语作主语)
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. (动名词短语作主语)
What he said is very important for us all. (从句作主语)
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。
The writer and artist e.
由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book.
Is everyone here today?
Somebody is speaking in class.
Everything around us is matter
若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of the sugar was left.
None of us has (have) been to America.
在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。(画线为先行词)
Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致。
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式; 如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式。
His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)
His family are watching TV.(他的家人)
6、由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
此外,还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定(用