PHYSICALCHEMISTRY物理化学—用物理学的原理和实验手段来研究.pptx

Physical ChemistryChapter 1 制作:李乃军
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What is the Physical Chemistry?
The Physical Chemistry is a branch of science that solved the problem of chemistry by means of physical principle and experiments.
(用物理学原理和实验手段解决化学问题的一门科学)
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Main contents
(first law and second law of thermodynamics)
解决问题(1)判断反应方向
(2)计算反应限度
(ic)
解决问题(1)计算反应速度
(2)反应基理分析和反应历程的推断

用电化学手段测定E和,并与热力学函数联系起来解决化学反应问题,。
and Colloid Chemistry
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Chapter 1
The First Law of Thermodynamics and Application
本章教学目的和要求
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§ The Conceptions of Thermodynamics
一. The Introduction of Conceptions
(我们要研究的对象)
Isolated System*
Closed System*
Open System
(与体系密切相关的周围部分)
Properties of System and State Functions
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State Functions**
Important Points
a. 状态一定, 状态函数的值就一定
b. , 而与中间途径无关。
c. 经一个循环回到原状态,状态函数的值不变。∮dU=0
State of Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium
Mechanical equilibrium
Phase equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium
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Heat(Q )and Work(W)
Heat—The energy exchanged between system and surroundings,because of the temperance differences.(Q>0吸热,Q<0放热)
Work—The exchanged energy except heat
(W>0体系对外作功,W<0外界对体系作功)
W=We + Wf We--expansion work;
Wf—work except expansion work
The Definition of We :δWe≡P外dV ***
We=∫P外dV***
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§ First law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
能量转换与守恒定律自然界的一切物质都具有能量,能量有各种不同形式,能够从一种形式转化为另一形式,在转化中,能量总值不变。
Energy
①ic Energy of whole System
②Potential Energy of System
③Internal Energy
(Study Only Internal Energy in First Law)
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Equation of First Law
ΔU=Q-W **; dU=δQ-δW **
Q and W is the process function.
The U is state function.
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§ Quasi-static Process and Reversible Process
一、Work and Process
P外


Pi
Pi > P外,膨胀,dV>0,对外作功,W>0
Pi < P外,压缩,dV<0,对内作功,W<0
W=∫P外 dV***
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