婴儿营养与营养障碍性疾病.ppt

第五章营养与营养障碍性疾病
What and Why?
小儿需要那些能量?
如何进行小儿喂养?
母乳喂养
辅食的添加
常见的小儿营养障碍性疾病
蛋白质-热能营养不良
维生素D缺乏
第一节小儿营养基础
(一)   能量小儿机体对能量的需要可分为以下几方面
1.  基础代谢:占50%
2.  食物的热力作用:5-8%
3. 活动消耗:15-30kcal/kg
4. 生长发育所需:小儿特有, 5-50kcal/kg
5.  排泄的消耗:<10%
growth and development
Specific for children
5-50kcal/kg
Peak of height velocity
puberty
不同年龄小儿所需能量
Nutrients
Macronutrients (宏量营养素)
protein (4kcal/g)
fat (9kcal/g)
Carbohydrates(4 kcal/g )
Micronutrients(微量营养素)
Minerals
Vitamins
Protein
ponent of body
Synthesis of tissues in the body
Formation of digestive juices, hormones, plasma proteins, enzymes, hemoglobin etc.
Provide 15% energy, only if necessary
Positive nitrogen balance in infancy
Basic requirements:
3-4g/kg/d for neonate,
for infant,
3g/kg/d for preschool age,
1-2g/kg/d for school age.
Protein quality
EAA include the amino acids recognized as essential (plete protein)
leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, and histidine as well as cysteine, tyrosine, and, perhaps, arginine.
Animal proteins are better and plentiful than vegetable proteins
Proteins from vegetable source should be used bination.
Biological value (BV): digestible?
Egg 100 BV
Milk 75BV
Fish 75BV
Rice 67BV
Physiologic role of fat
Provide approximately 35-40% of the energy.
Absorption of vitamin A,D,K,
Component of cell membrane and some tissue.
Warm keeper, organ insulator
Resource of steroids