大学英语常用词词义辨析实例(一).doc

大学英语词义辨析实例(一)
林明金
abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard 丢弃
[辨析]
abandon是失去控制,或丧失了占有的能力,强调永远和完全放弃。desert “遗弃,抛弃”,强调违背允诺、誓言或逃避责任。Forsake“放弃,抛弃”,强调断绝感情的依恋。Relinquish强调放弃权利,特权或要求。discard“废弃,摒弃,扔掉”,指无用而废弃。
[例证]
They abandoned their lands to the invading ,遭侵略占领。
The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the ,或许因为该地区有恐怖分子。
He forsook his family and 。
She relinquished possession of the house to her 。
She discarded a four, and picked up a ,抓起一张K。
abolish, eliminate, extinguish, cancel 消除
[辨析]
abolish指“用暴力或法律手段废除旧制度、旧风俗”。eliminate指“消除或淘汰不需要的东西”。extinguish指“用压服性的武力等手段使其毁灭”。Cancel指“取消已预定的事情”。
[例证]
the death penalty be abolished?应该废除死刑吗?
2. The police have eliminated two suspects from their 。
tried to extinguish the 。
4. The match had to be cancelled because of bad 。
disgusting, abominable令人讨厌的
[辨析]
disgusting指“卑鄙的行为、手段或事物令人憎恶”。在日常生活中,该词的语气较弱,指“使人讨厌或受不了”。abominable语气很重,有“让人深恶痛绝的”意味,它可指“一切令人不快的事情”。
[例证]
He found her cooking habits to be 。
Your behavior is abominable to 。
abridge, shorten, abbreviate 缩减,缩短
[辨析]
abridge指“通过压缩删节而减少,但核心部分仍保留”。shorten指“在长度、时间、范围等方面缩减”。abbreviate指“词、短语通过压缩或省略某些部分而缩短”
[例证]
1. This is an abridged edition of ‘War and Peace’. 这是一本《战争与和平》的节略本。
days are beginning to 。
3. In writing, the title ‘Doctor’ is abbreviated to ‘Dr”.在书写时,Doctor头衔的缩写是Dr。
absorb, assimilate吸收
[辨析]
absorb指“使被吸收者失去其特点”,或指“将某人或某物合并”。assimilate指“使被吸收者的特点不复存在”,或指“将被吸收者变成吸收者的一部分”。
[例证]
Aspirin is quickly absorbed by the 。
The larger firm absorbed the smaller 。
Some foods are assimilated more easily than 。
The USA has assimilated people from many different 。
abstract, extract提取,提炼
[辨析]
abstract指“把一种东西从另一种东西中分离出来”。extract强调“用力或仔