词义的褒贬.ppt

词义的褒贬
(Commendatory-derogatory
Sense of Word-meanings)
语言本身虽没有阶级性,但在具体使用时不可能不为一定的阶级服务。为了忠实于原文的思想内容,翻译时必须正确理解原作者的基本政治立场和观点,然后选用适当的语言手段来加以表达。原文中有些词本身就表示褒贬意义,就应该把褒贬意义相应地表达出来;但也有些词语孤立起来看似乎是中性的,译成汉语时就要根据上下文恰如其分地把它们的褒义或贬义表达出来。
词汇按照感情色彩可分为褒义、贬义和中性三类。
褒义词:带有肯定、颂扬、美好的情感色彩的词汇
英语中的褒义词,例如:
achievement 成就
determined 意志坚定的
heroic 英勇的
famous 著名的
modest 谦虚的
noble 高尚的
贬义词:带有否定、贬斥、憎恶的情感色彩的词汇
英语中的贬义词,例如:
arrogant 傲慢的
slander 诽谤
boast 吹嘘
notorious 臭名昭著的
mean 卑鄙的
英语中词义的褒贬往往取决于特定的上下文;要求译者以原文的立场为基准,从原文的上下文出发,辨别词义的褒贬色彩。
(一)英语中有些词本身就有褒贬意义,汉译时就应相应地表达出来。
如:
(1)He was a man of high renown (fame).
他是为有名望的人。(褒)
(2)His notoriety as a rake did e until his death.
他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来的。(贬)
(3)The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy.
他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。(褒)
(4)“He was polite and always gave advice willingly, ”she recalled.
她回忆说“他彬彬有礼,总是诲人不倦。”(褒)
(二)英语中有些词义是中立的,本身不表示褒义或贬义,但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味,汉译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应的词来表达。
You're flattering me by saying that.
你那么说,就过奖了。(中性)
Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.
汉斯说,这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识的人,这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。(贬义)
1)Ambition:
Once, early in 1974,while driving along the San Diego Freeway from Clemente to Los Angeles, he was asked to reflect on his hopes and ambitions.
一九七四年初,有人同他一起驱车从克利门蒂沿圣地亚哥公路去洛杉矶,途中请他谈了他的希望和抱负。
Hitler's ambition to conquer the whole Europe was doomed to fail.
希特勒欲征服整个欧洲的野心是注定要失败的。
3)Deeds:
He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.
他欺骗了我,是我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。
His heroic deeds were celebrated in every corner of China.
全国各地的人们都在颂扬他的英雄事迹。
3) Result:
The adoption of new policies will surely lead to some striking results.
采取各项新政策必将带来显著成果。

There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures.
若不是采取了严厉措施,那将会出现更痛苦的后果。