常压酸浸法从含镍红土矿中提取镍的研究.pdf

常压酸浸法从含镍红土矿中提取镍的研究
摘要
随着硫化镍矿资源的日趋枯竭,红土镍矿的开发利用开始得到国内外关注。目前,红
土镍矿处理工艺主要有火法工艺、氨浸、高压酸浸法等工艺,这些工艺普遍存在能耗高、
污染重、入选矿石品位要求严格等缺点,而常压酸浸法具有工艺简单、能耗低、污染少、
适用范围广、操作简单等优点,逐渐得到重视。
本论文采用常压酸浸法对定南某红土镍矿进行了详细的试验研究。工艺矿物学研究表
明,该试验矿石矿物组成复杂,矿物种类繁多,其中镍矿物多呈分散状态分布于钴镍蛇纹
石、含钴镍磁铁矿、含镍铬铁矿中,独立镍矿物仅有红砷镍矿、斜方砷镍矿,含量甚微,
且粒度很细,因此不能用机械选矿方法予以富集,只能采用化学选矿或冶炼富集方法来提
取镍。
采用常压酸法处理定南某红土镍矿,在原矿含镍 %时,浸出率为 86%左右,浸渣
中含镍 %左右,取得了较好的浸出指标。采用黄钠铁矾法去除浸出液中的铁离子,铁
离子的去除率可到达 99%以上;采用硫化沉淀法除重金属离子,浸出液中的铜、铅、锌等
重金属离子的去除率达到 90%以上;采用氟化钠法除浸出液中镁离子,浸出液中镁离子的
去除率可以达到 90%以上。用中和沉镍法分离碱金属和碱土金属,实验室放大试验证明,
镍的浸出率可保持在 86%以上,得到的氢氧化亚镍沉淀含镍 %,镍的综合回收率可达
到 75%以上。将氢氧化亚镍沉淀加入浓硫酸蒸发结晶,得到的结晶硫酸镍达到国家
GB6392-86 二级品的要求。
通过试验结果可以说明,采用常压酸浸-化学沉淀除杂的湿法工艺回收红土镍矿中的镍
在技术上是可行的。
关键词:红土镍矿;常压酸浸;化学沉淀
I
The Study of the Precess and Technology of
Constant-pressured Acid Leaching of Nickel Extraction
from Laterite-nickel ore
Abstract
With the sulfide nickel ore resources dry up day by day, the development of laterite nickel
ore has been cared about. At present, pyrometallurgy, ammoniacal leaching and high-pressured
acid leaching were the mian technics of the laterite nickel processing. But energy consumption
high, pollution high and stringent requirement of the run of mine were the ing of the
pyrometallurgy, ammoniacal leaching and high-pressured acid leaching. Craft simply, energy
consumption low, pollution low, the operation easy to control and applicability widely were the
merits of the constant-pressured acid laching, and the constant-pressured acid laching has been
valued gradually.
The hydrometallurgical technics and the mineralogy of the laterite nickel ore in DingNan
was studied by this on the study of mineralogy of the laterite nickel ore in
DingNan, there are a wide variety plex minerals in the ore, mostly of the nickel was
scattered in the distribution of serpentine, chromite and ite, the undependent nickelic
minerals were kupfernickel and safflorite, but very little. It is very