限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.ppt

定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整,不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
___________________
___________________
The man who came here yesterday e again.
关系副词when和why用于引导限制性定语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中可以省去,但是where通常不可以省去。如:
a. Be sure to call on us next time (when)
e to town.
b. This is one of the reasons (why) you may
like to eat it.
②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如:
a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865.
b. He sent a special governor, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand.
__________
___________________
c. He lives in another town, which is only about an hour’s ride from here.
d. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
注意:引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语),指物时须用which.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上
译成先行词的定语:“...的”
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上


代替whom


代替whom
Practice A
请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句,那些是非限制性定语从句:
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China is a country which has a long history.
China, which was founded in 1949, is ing more and more powerful.
Practice B
区分下列几组句子的不同含义:
1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。
(意含: 她还有其他哥哥。)
她哥哥是当兵的,他总是鼓励她上大学。
(意含: 她只有一个哥哥。)
. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。
(意含: 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。)
所有的书都带插图,这些书都写得很好。
(意含: 没有不带插图的书。)
Exercises A
1、All______ is useful to us is good.
A