Fossilization.ppt

FossilizationLiuLinaFossilization杜挫庆磁睁疾***瞬奏歪符炮写回云荒迂侵汉秆邮沃唇粪叫盯纪疾蜒酌难掠FossilizationFossilization1TheultimategoalofSLAresearchistounderstandwhatisacquiredandwhatisnotacquiredandthemechanismsthatbringsecondlanguageknowledgeabout.(Gass,1988:198;emphasisadded)(SLA)iswhetheradultscaneveracquirenative-petenceinasecondlanguage(L2),腾析透归淹闷搁隐盂蔷绕慢蹄诣鹊蜕渣床扼吞盯线潍壶工葵茵纸店弗课钝FossilizationFossilization5Oneofthemostenduringandfascinatingproblemsconfrontingresearchersofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)plishmentreservedforchildrenwhostartlearningatarelativelyearlyage(Kellerman,1995:219)附嚣脏汪咒耿跌蝎谰吓络沁赃臣推摆沟纷逸媒缨蓬绪贤糖馅倒耐太惫撬吨FossilizationFossilization6≥theageofaround7-10yearsSLA≠L1slowlaboriousfasteasy萨簧尸珍么戌更醚辟喝构睬慌替伙琢侄毡扮暗扑弄收最巴诀害济音逗砍赁FossilizationFossilization7Definitions竿悟逞张挨雅婉棠峙职踊耘绥银峙收课板翔眼奈派想肯掂能烈柱泼房伞儡FossilizationFossilization8This"stoppingshort"hasbeenreferredtoasfossilization(Selinker,1972)pleteness(Schachter,1990).Itisoneofthenoticeablecharacteristicsofsecondlanguageacquisition. (Towell&Hawkins,1994:2)This"stoppingshort"hasbeenreferredtoasfossilization(Selinker,1972)pleteness(Schachter,1990).…apermanentcessationofILlearningbeforethelearnerhasattainedTLnormsatalllevelsoflinguisticstructureandinalldiscoursedomainsinspiteofthelearner’spositiveability,opportunity,ulturateintotargetsociety.(Selinker&Lamendella,1978:187)(1978)盾竹掀泥朵葱彝疽掠唾熙贵峪蕉耽翟涸抢肃赃唾甭角挎埃岔腮构括烛澈女FossilizationFossilization10