半挂汽车列车横向失稳的非线性动力学机制 *
杨秀建康南李西涛
(昆明理工大学交通工程学院昆明 650500)
摘要:半挂汽车列车载运工况变化较大,横向失稳机制复杂,给整车及稳定性控制系统的开发设计带来了困难。应用非线性
动力学的相关理论,研究半挂汽车列车在极限操纵工况下的平衡点分岔、相轨迹和 Hopf 分岔特性以及与载运工况的关系;
在此基础上,结合不足转向梯度和系统阻尼特性对不同横向失稳形式的发生机制进行探讨。结果表明,载运工况的变化可能
导致系统出现鞍结分岔、Hopf 分岔和同宿轨道等非线性动力学现象;牵引车后轴侧滑而导致折叠是半挂汽车列车主要的横向
失稳形式,挂车甩尾与折叠密切相关,挂车甩尾会同时加剧牵引车侧滑而加剧折叠,横向摆振与 Hopf 分岔密切相关,一般
仅在载重较大且半挂车质心显著靠后才可能发生,且横向摆振失稳一般都会进一步发展到折叠而完全失控,选择牵引车横摆
角速度和挂车侧偏角为控制变量设计稳定性控制系统有望取得较好的效果。
关键词:半挂汽车列车车辆动力学操纵稳定性非线性动力学分岔
中图分类号:U461
Nonlinear Dynamics and Lateral Stability of Tractor Semitrailer Vehicle
YANG Xiujian Kang Nan Li Xitao
(Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500)
Abstract:Since the lateral dynamics of a tractor semitrailer vehicle is plex resulting from the large variations of the load
and the centre of mass (CM) of the trailer, it es difficult to design the stability control system. In this study, the nonlinear
dynamics and the lateral stability of the tractor semitrailer vehicle is investigated. The relations of the lateral stability, equilibrium
bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation with the load scenarios are analyzed in detail. Combining the means of understeer gradient and
damping ratio, the lateral instability and mechanisms are discussed. The results reveal that nonlinear dynamical phenomena such as
saddlenode bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and Homoclinic orbit are identified in critical cornering situations. For a typical tractor
semitrailer vehicle, jackknife caused by the sideslip of the rear axle of the tractor is the primary way to lead the vehicle to lateral
instability. Trailer oscillation which is much related to Hopf bifurcation generally occurs when the load weight is considerably large
and the trailer CM is much near to the rear axle of the trailer. Further, trailer oscillation is prone to further develop to jackknife and
trailer swing often causes
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