专升本英语考点精华.doc

专升本英语考点精华一语法及基础知识第一节虚拟语气过去现在将来现在的为从句did原主句wouldshouldcouldmight+do过去的从句为为had+did主句wouldcouldshouldmight+havedone将来的为从句为weretododidwereshould+dodid主句为四大词+do三个时态的虚拟分别于三个时间的事实相反Wereshouldhad三个词可以提前放在一句话的第一位判断将来时时注意关键的时间词现在时为now将来时为tomorrowIfIhadtimeifqinghadgone现在例句ifmylivednow,hewouldgiveusmoreshows过去例句ifqinghadnotgonebacktoqingdynasty,shewouldnothavemethim下一个ifIhadbeenborn20yearsearlier,heeighthsonoftheemperorHave为实义动词时+n并且have不放在前面什么意思have为助动词时可以放在前面第二节介词短语仅代替从句without如果没有butfor要不是Withoutme,whatwouldyoudo?本来应该为youwoulddo但有what为疑问语气所以ButfortheearthquakeweshouldnothaveboughtthesaltcrazilyIfithadnotbeenfor其实就是withoutbutfor与if作用一样第三届错综时间条件句前后时间不一致Ifyouhadtakenmyadviseyouwouldbebetternow有明显的时间状语二表示愿望的虚拟为不可能实现的事Hope可以实现的愿望wish不可以实现的愿望Wish+that+主语+与现在过去将来事实相反例子Iwish(that)从句everydayweremybirthday现在的Iwished(that)IhadmetjaychouWould/could+do与将来相反Iwish(that)emyenemiesinthefuture三should+do的虚拟Should可以省略在一些动词之后一个坚持二个命令四个建议四个要求一个宁愿宁愿坚持建议命令要求一些动词之后+(that)+主+(should)+mandRequirerequestdemanddesire注意insist后面要求应是shoulddo如果后面是认为断言的意思后不虚拟Thedoctorinsistedthattheboywas(be)badlyhurtandinsistedthatheshouldbesent(send)tothehospitalatonce被动语态be+donesuggest建议(should)do暗示表明不虚拟Herpale苍白facesuggestedthatshewas(be)will同源词用法相同suggestedtioningundesirable后面都是should+do一个词衍生好多个词,要掌握那一个词就行2一个句型之后itisimportant/essential/necessary/strange/natural/apity/(should)doItisimportantthathe(should)e(should)不能省略itis(high|about)timethat主+shoulddo该到做某事的时候了Itishightimethatweshouldstudyhard可以改成studied此句型中shoulddo可以由该动词的一般过去式studied代替shoulddodied四其他类型虚拟语气1wouldrather11do12doratherthando宁愿做而不愿意做13that+主语++asif/though+主语+动词现在did/were过去hadgone将来w/c+doHespeakslapanseverywellasifhewereajapanse3ifnoly要是什么就好了onlyif只要Wishthoughasififonly四者虚拟形式相同Ifonlyyouhadlistenedtome4句1,or/otherwise,句2Hurryup,otherwise,,otherwise,hewouldhavehelpedyou前面真后面假虚拟两种用法1would+v原型与现在或将来相反2would+havedone与过去相反过去好说一半或将来前面的was变后面的will跟着相应的变化