地质工程专业英语.doc

onditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度grade地形图reliefmap河谷rivervalley河道rivercourse河床riverbed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvialplain三角洲delta古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel冲积扇alluvialfan洪积扇diluvialfan坡积裙talusapron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform溶洞solutioncave,karstcave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karsticearthcave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)haracter,rockproperty岩体 rockmass岩层bedstratum岩层layer,rockstratum母岩matrix,parentrock相变facieschange硬质岩strongrock,petent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理crossbedding层面beddingplane片理schistosity层理bedding板理(叶理)foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mudcrack雨痕raindropimprints造岩矿物rock-formingminerals粘土矿物claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)position结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmaticrock火山岩(熔岩)lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩effusiverock深成岩plutonicrock浅成岩pypabysalrock酸性岩acidrock中性岩inter-mediaterock基性岩basicrock超基性岩ultrabasicrock岩基rockbase(batholith)岩脉(墙)olith(olite)ia火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate凝灰岩 ia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartzsandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-anicmatter粗粒coarsegrain中粒medium-grained沉积物 sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒 claygrain砂质粘土sandyclay粘质砂土clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物(层)alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物(层)proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的 diluvial坡积物(层) deluvium残积物(层) eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物(层) eoliandeposits湖积物(层) lakedeposits海积物(层) marinedeposits冰川沉积物(层)glacier(drift)deposits崩积物(层)colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土residualclay变质岩metamorphicrock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmati