轻型运动飞机座舱人机界面设计与分析研究.pdf

南京航空航天大学
硕士学位论文
轻型运动飞机座舱人机界面设计与分析研究
姓名:王俊
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:飞行器设计
指导教师:徐惠民
2010-12
南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要
轻型运动飞机一般情况下是指起飞重量不超过 600kg 的单座或双座轻型飞机。轻型运动飞
机在欧美出现后,由于其结构简单、价格低廉,发展非常迅速。轻型运动飞机的座舱作为飞行
员获取信息并操纵飞机的平台,其人机工程学设计就显得尤为重要。
本文以人机工程学为基础,对座舱中的各元件和座舱的布局进行设计和研究。首先根据我
国飞行员的人体尺寸,建立多刚体运动学的杆状人体运动模型。并根据运动链的变换矩阵,用
MATLAB 求解出第 5、50 和 95 百分位飞行员上肢和下肢的可达域和舒适域,并对所得可达域
舒适域进行分析。然后根据飞机座舱设计和视野设计的相关标准,确定座舱中设计眼位点的位
置;并在飞机的 CATIA 三维模型中根据相关视野标准作出最小视野范围,并以此分析眼位点和
座舱外形布局的合理性。接着根据人机工程学原理和相关标准,对座舱中的座椅、驾驶盘、仪
表板等主要的元件进行设计,并建立 CATIA 三维模型。再在对我国飞行员上、下肢的可达域和
舒适域分析基础上,根据相关座舱设计标准,将设计好的各元件模型装配成完整的人机界面。
最后,在 DELMIA 中对所建立的人机界面模型进行合理性分析。

关键词:轻型运动飞机,座舱,人机界面,设计,DELMIA
I
轻型运动飞机座舱人机界面设计与分析研究
Abstract
LSA (Light Sport Aircraft) is a classification of one- or two-seat light aircraft with a gross takeoff
weight not exceeding 600 kg. LSA has simple structure and low cost, so it is popular in the USA and
the Europe. The LSA’s cockpit as a platform where the pilots get information and pilot the aircraft, its
design on ergonomics is particularly important.
This thesis designs the ponents of the cokpit and discusses the layout of them at the
base of the theory of ergonomics. First, establish a kinematic model according to the size of the pilots
of China. Second, solves the reachability domain fortable domain of the hands and feet of
pilot at 5, 50 and 95 percentile with MATLAB, on the basis of the transformation matrix of kinematic
chain, and analyse the results. Third, find the designing eye location in the cockpit according to the
standards on cockpit design and visual field design; and work out the least visual field in CATIA, and
analyse the rationality of the design eye location and configuration of cockpit. Forth, design the seat,
operating levers, instrument board and so on, at the base of the standards and theories on ergonomics.
And, build the 3D models of them in CATIA. Then, assemble all the ponents had been
designed according to the standards on