职称英语考试词汇基础.doc

职称英语考试词汇基础.doc职称英语考试词汇基础:英语单词构词法(1)英语的构词法主要有三种:合成法,派牛法和转换法。position)两个或两个以上独立的词一起出现,合成一个新词的方法就称为复合法,也叫合成法。所构成的词就叫复合词或合成词。合成词在英语中也是比较活跃的,常见的有复合形容词,复合名词,复合动词。复合形容词常用做定语,有时也用做表语。如:Ihaveafive-year・oIdson.(定语)Areyouairsick?(表语)职称英语文章中常见的复合形容词构词方法:形容词+名词+ed:absent-minded,good-tempered(・minded=(with)anabsentmind)形容词+现在分词:good-looking,fine-sounding(-looking二lookinggood)副词+现在分词:hardworking,far-reaching(=workinghard)名词+现在分词:peace-loving(-loving=lovingpeace)名词+表示被动的过去分词:state-owed,state-run(-owed=owedby(the)state)副词+表乐被动的过公分词:well-known,widespread(-known=knownwell)形容词+名词:large-scale,high-class(-scale=(of)(a)largescale)名词+形容词:duty-free(免税的),airsick(晕飞机)(名词和与之相关的表语之间的关系(在这样的情况下,往往表示逻辑关系的介词会被省略掉)-free=(with)duty(being)free;逻辑上的因果关系:.(being)sick(of)air(plane))以职称英语书中用词为例:(Computer)puter・basedinformationthattheyare...名词+puter-based=based(puter在计算机中使用的,计算机处理的比较:aNewYork-pany建立在纽约的公司(DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitude)Thisistrueinbothhighandlow-+名词Low-e=(with)e收入低的(ScienceFiction)Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,…形容词+名词+ed:Clear-sighted=(with)clearsight视力好的,聪明的,英明的(ScienceFiction),tomentionjusttwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslatedinto...副词+过去分词:Well-known二knownwell