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论文写作中需要注意的关键问题.ppt

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运用学术文献(Quotation)一、直接引用、解释性说明、概括性说明二、标注方式运用学术文献(Quotation)Whenwewriteanacademicpaper,wealmostalwaysneedtoborrowideas,statistics,andpreviousresearchfindingstostrengthenourownideas,toexplainourownarguments,,,therearethreelegalwaysofusingoutsidesourcesandinformation:Directquotation(直接引用)Paraphrasing(解释性说明)Summarizing(概括性说明)Asamatteroffact,(直接引用)Adirectquoteiswhenyouuseanotherperson’(DQs):--Whentheoriginalwordingexpressestheideasopreciselyandbrieflythatwecannotimproveonit,--esfromanauthorityinaparticularfieldandthereforestrengthensourpointofview,Guidelinesfordirectquotations(DQs)--Whenweneedtoborrowaspecialtermofexpressionthatisaparticularwriter’sinventionandcarriesspecialmeaning,--(DQs)--,--urate,,punctuation,orevenspellingshouldbechanged,----(about40words),incorporateitintheflowoftheparagraphwithapairofquotationmarks,“convincedoftherightnessofhissolutions”1andclaimstohavesoleinsight,--Whenonlypartsofalongsentenceofpassagearequoted,,urate,,accordingtoClark,is“positionsinart...”1(Theellipses“...”indicatethatawordorwordswereomitted.)--Whenthequotationislongerthanthreelines,useaseparateandindentedparagraph,withoutquota

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