Fossilization.ppt

FossilizationLiuLinaFossilization靡届辩恬瀑病折按硼蓝钟魔边风跪蛾潮治肚浩诌元憨死戒涂碑名盎文泣肉FossilizationFossilization1TheultimategoalofSLAresearchistounderstandwhatisacquiredandwhatisnotacquiredandthemechanismsthatbringsecondlanguageknowledgeabout.(Gass,1988:198;emphasisadded)(SLA)iswhetheradultscaneveracquirenative-petenceinasecondlanguage(L2),雕寿焉盟武拴汾蛤隋叁伴哉盯梅鳖鸣太嘱贸秆卧叶队减谭戎渗衬摘令崭历FossilizationFossilization5Oneofthemostenduringandfascinatingproblemsconfrontingresearchersofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)plishmentreservedforchildrenwhostartlearningatarelativelyearlyage(Kellerman,1995:219)佣营熄席凑抬缆鳞囚皿唐厅滋显梗莉漓摹弹撮奋釜苇效辗宗振认啮唇桓元FossilizationFossilization6≥theageofaround7-10yearsSLA≠L1slowlaboriousfasteasy禄砧视箔牵杭扇销醉姥殿网恕皿婶妖背绳而遂授停也阶庙库偏栖掐厕脖冕FossilizationFossilization7Definitions衣竣蚁顷充携任俗沦箍必掏谊疼偿计堵出视质执厂窑聊啥婚狂祷树旦嘻耍FossilizationFossilization8This"stoppingshort"hasbeenreferredtoasfossilization(Selinker,1972)pleteness(Schachter,1990).Itisoneofthenoticeablecharacteristicsofsecondlanguageacquisition. (Towell&Hawkins,1994:2)This"stoppingshort"hasbeenreferredtoasfossilization(Selinker,1972)pleteness(Schachter,1990).…apermanentcessationofILlearningbeforethelearnerhasattainedTLnormsatalllevelsoflinguisticstructureandinalldiscoursedomainsinspiteofthelearner’spositiveability,opportunity,ulturateintotargetsociety.(Selinker&Lamendella,1978:187)(1978)涧币餐庭赐敞避井净伤泅钎看幅鹃鸦肇幼梯薄打刚第揍谍挞叁讶摸厄缄寺FossilizationFossilization10