小学英语笔记.doc

:(20个)单元音:/ɑ:/ / ʌ//ɔ://ɒ/ / ɜ://ə//i:/ /ɪ//u://u/ /e//æ/双元音:/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ//ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/辅音音素:(28个)轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/浊辅音 /b/ /d/  /g/ /v/ /ð/  /z/ 轻辅音 /ʃ/ / h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/  浊辅音 /ʒ/ / r/  /dz/  /dʒ/ /dr/  鼻音 /m/ /n/  /ŋ/  半元音 / j/ /w/ 边音 / ǀ/同音词:sun太阳son儿子aunt阿姨aren’::1)一般名词后加“s”:book—books2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加es:bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches以“o”结尾的名词:①有生命的加“es”potato—potatoes土豆,tomato—tomatoes西红柿,hippo—hippoes河马,hero—heroes英雄,,mango—mangoes芒果②无生命的加“s”:photo—photos相片,radio—radios收音机,zoo—zoos动物园以“y”结尾的名词:元音字母+y直接加“s”:boy-boys辅音字母+y,去掉y,再加ies:family-families,city-cities以f/fe结尾的名词,去掉f/fe,再加ves:knife—knives,leaf—leaves叶子特殊的:一加,二改,三不变一加:childrenoxen二改:foot-feettooth-teethwoman-womenman-men三不变:sheep,deer,people,Chinese,(不能在名词后面直接加“s”)breadtearicemilkchickencoffeeorangeporkporridgepapergluejuicesugartofuapieceofbread,acupoftea有些名词以复数形式clothes,chopsticks,trousers,jeans,pants,scissors(be动词要用复数形式are)+’s:Tom’sbag,mother’sfriend复数的在后面直接加’s:boys’bags,Teachers’Day表示两者分别有:Lucy’sandLily’sbags表示两者共有:LucyandLily’sbag(名词单数)“of”连接:amapofChina一幅中国的地图2动词第三称单数形式的变化规则:一般动词后加“s”,get-gets,look-looks以s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词后加“es”,guess—guesses,watch—watches,wash—washes以“o”结尾的动词加“es”,do—does,go—goes以“y”结尾的动词元音字母+y,直接加“s”:play—plays辅音+y,去掉y,再加“ies”:fly—flieshave第三人称单数:has3现在分词的变化规则(即动词+ing)1)一般动词后+ing:listen—listening2)以不发音e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing:make—ing,practice—practicing特殊:see—seeing,be—being3)重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加ing:run—running,get—getting,put—putting,swim—swimming,sit—sitting,cut—cutting,stop—stopping,shop—shopping,begin—beginning,forget—forgetting4动词过式的变化规则:一般动词后加ed:walk—walked,help—helped以e结尾直接加d:use—used,live—lived以y结尾的动词:元音字母,直接+ed,play—played辅音字母+y,去掉y,再加ied,carry—carried4)重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,—stopped,shop—shopped,drop—dropped,c