我国贫困农村地区完善小额信贷分析研究.pdf

I摘要我国农村金融一直具有资金需求强烈,供给不足,并且普遍存在金融抑制的显著特征。如何缓解我国贫困地区农村金融供给抑制,实现供需平衡一直是我国农村金融最为关注的问题。小额信贷作为金融服务的制度安排和技术创新在我国贫困地区农村金融领域中发挥着越来越重要的作用。鉴于贫困地区农村经济落后,贫困人口较多,农户缺乏生产经营性资金的现实,大力开展农村小额信贷并保证其可持续性发展具有重大的现实意义。自上世纪90年代农村小额信贷被引入欠发达地区以来,在加大欠发达地区农村金融资源配置力度、增加农民收入、减少贫困人口等方面发挥了重要作用。在中央连续四年一号文件要求建立健全农村金融组织体系的背景下,深入研究如何完善贫困地区农村小额信贷,使之更好地服务于“三农”,对当前农村金融改革有着重大的现实意义。本文共分六个部分:第一章主要介绍了本文的研究背景、目的和选题意义,回顾了国内外相关研究动态,明确了本文的研究思路、方法和创新点,指出了本文需要进一步研究的问题。第二章概述了农村小额信贷相关理论,包括含义、特征以及主要模式,并简要评述了国外农村小额信贷实践及其成功的经验。第三章描述了我国贫困地区农村小额信贷的发展现状,对制约贫困地区农村小额信贷可持续发展的因素进行了较为深入的剖析,此基础上指出我国贫困地区金融创新的迫切性和小额信贷的可行之处。第四章是基于农户特征的小额信贷扶贫影响的实证研究。分别从正规金融机构推行小额信贷和民间私人资本推行小额信贷两个实证调查数据出发,得出了两种模式各项对比数据,并对结果进行讨论,从而分析正规金融和非正规金融对于发展小额信贷的利弊因素。第五章和第六章加入了宏观因素分析,从大体上把握小额信贷发展方向,并且从改善外部环境、制定与完善法律法规、拓宽资金来源、推动小额信贷创新、发展小额信贷多种模式等七个方面提出了完善贫困地区农村小额信贷的对策建议。关键词:小额信贷;民间金融;正规金融机构;金融抑制;农户IIAbstractOur country rural finance has dominant character such as intense demand and insufficient supply of fund, and general financial suppression. The most matter of concern of our country rural finance is How to reach to the supply and demand balance, with alleviation of financial suppression in impoverished area. As aninstitution arrangement and technical innovation, the micro credit has played a more and more important role in impoverished area of our rural finance. In regard of the slow-developed economy, large number of poor population and lack of operatingcapital, it will make great sense to develop rural micro credit vigorously and maintain its sustainable development. Since 90's on last century the micro credit had been introduced into the impoverished area, it played a vital role in most aspects like promoting finance resource distribution, increasing the farmers' e and reducing the poor population. The four continuous "first document" issued by centralgovernment called on establishing and perfecting the rural anizationsystem. Under this background, how the micro credit serve well for farmer, rural area and agriculture, with thorough research microfinance o