不定式和动名词作主语的区别.doc

不定式和动名词作主语的区别Ⅰ. 动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1. 不定式短语和动名词做主语时, 常常为了保持句子的平衡,用 it 来做形式主语, 如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2. 如果主语用了不定式, 表语和宾语也要用不定式; 主语用了动名词, 表语和宾语也要用动名词, 这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. ( 眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ. 动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1. 不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作; 表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时, 多用动名词, 如: (92)_B_ isa good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2. 动名词作主语时, 通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting .爬山很有趣。( 经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。( 经验) ” There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need) ”之后常用动名词做主语, 而少用不定式, 如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了 for 引出不定式的逻辑主语, 就只能用不定式, 如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 4. 不定式可以和 when, where, how, what, whether 等连用, 在句子中做主语, 宾语和表语, 而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem isa hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn ’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1) 不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1) 下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt 企图 enable 能够 neglect 忽视 afford 负担得起 demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange 安排 destine 注定 mean 意欲,打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 omit 忽略,漏 appear 似乎,显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate