英汉句子比较与翻译.ppt

英汉句子比较与翻译英汉句子结构比较?英语重形合( hypotaxis ),汉语重意合( parataxis) ?形合主要靠语言本身语法手段(形式手段), 意合主要靠句子内部逻辑联系?比喻: ?英语句子:一棵参天大树,一串葡萄,一串珍珠,一树荔枝?汉语句子:一根竹子,一盘珠子,一江波涛?奈达《译意》 Translating meaning: ?就汉语和英语而言,也许在语言学中最重要的一个区别就是形合与意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis) ?英语注重显性衔接( overt cohesion ),汉语注重隐性连贯( covert coherence) ?傅雷:东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧, 我人重综合,重归纳,重暗示,重含蓄;西方人则重分析,细微曲折,挖掘唯恐不尽,描写唯恐不周。?汉语学家王力:西洋语法是硬的,没有弹性; 中国语法是软的,富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。英国人写文章往往化零为整, 而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。?例句: ?由于距离远,又缺乏交通工具,使农村社会与外界隔绝, 而这种隔绝,又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。? Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has e more serious because there are not enough information media. ? The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and lack of transport facilities, pounded by the paucity of the information media. ?英语句子中,名词与介词占优势?主谓机制:抓住了谓语动词就抓住了英语句子的灵魂。?名词与名词之间的联系要借介词来串通? Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single- storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. (7个介词) ?卡莱尔大街往西伸展, 越过一座黑色大桥, 爬下山岗又爬上去, 经过许多小铺和肉市,又经过一些平房,然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。? Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries. ?农民缺乏训练,许多农场生产率很低,这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的境地。?汉语句子中,动词占优势?《红楼梦》:晴雯先接出来,笑道:“好啊, 叫我研了墨,早起高兴,只写了三个字, 扔下笔就走了, 哄我等了这一天,快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢! ”?英汉句子重心的差异? We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side — not just in a passive way but as active friends. ?我们认为生活在不同政治社会制度下的各国人民应该共处,不仅仅是消极共处,而是要积极地友好相处, 这是正确而必要的。?汉语的****惯是叙事在前,表态在后。英语的****惯是表态在前,叙事在后。