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湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
论诗歌隐喻的特点、分类及功能
姓名:曹丽英
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:英语语言文学
指导教师:何高大
20050501
摘要
隐喻研究有两千多年的历史, 但传统上一直囿于修辞领域。隐
喻仅仅被看作是语言的装饰, 文学作品的修辞手法之一。自 20 世
纪 30 年代以来, 隐喻的研究就突破了传统的修辞学的范畴, 并在
70 年代进入多学科的研究阶段。尤其是 Lakoff 等人从认知语言学的
角度对隐喻的认知功能进行研究,开辟了隐喻研究的新天地。在研
究者看来, 隐喻不只是一种语言现象, 更重要的是人类普遍的一种
思维方式, 一种认知手段。隐喻的实质就是通过另一类事物来说明
或理解某一事物(Lakoff & Johnson,1980:5)。
本文尝试运用近年来对隐喻的研究成果, 主要是 Lakoff 等人的
认知理论, 来探索隐喻在英语诗歌中的运用, 包括对其特点、分类
及功能的分析。隐喻是诗歌的生命原则, 诗歌与隐喻有着千丝万缕
的联系。诗歌隐喻具有创造性、灵活性、和连贯性等特点。诗歌隐
喻的特点决定了其在诗歌中的功能:修辞功能、陌生化功能、构建功
能、认知功能和美学功能。
根据诗歌语言的表现形式, 即声音、排列形式和文字意义, 诗
歌隐喻分为音喻、形喻和意喻。诗歌隐喻存在于诗歌的任何层面, 从
标点符号、单词拼写、诗行排列, 到整个语篇意义的构成。因此, 诗
歌隐喻是诗人运用源域(source domain)对目的域(target domain)
的阐释。诗歌阐释的根本任务是对诗歌隐喻的把握。增强隐喻意识,
提高隐喻能力,从认知的角度理解诗歌隐喻是诗歌欣赏的最好途径。

关键词:隐喻; 诗歌隐喻; 特点; 分类; 功能

3
Abstract

The study of metaphor can be traced back to over 2000 years ago.
But traditionally, metaphor monly regarded as the decoration of
language or one of rhetoric devices employed to achieve the effect of
comparison in literary work. Since 1930s, metaphor study has broken
through the traditional restriction and has reached a multidisciplinary
period since 1970s. The most influential theory is cognitive theory
developed by Lakoff et al . According to these researchers, metaphor is
not linguistic phenomenon merely; more importantly, it is a pervasive
thinking mode and a cognitive means of human beings.
This dissertation attempts to apply the recent researches on
metaphor, especially the cognitive theory, to explore metaphor in
English poetry in a totally new pared with the
traditional rhetorical approach, including its nature, classification
and function. Metaphor is the life principle of poetry and poetry is
closely related to metaphor. Poetical metaphor has the nature of
creativeness, inexhaustibility, and coherence. Due to its nature,
poetical metaphor has twofold functions: rhetoric function,
defamiliarization function, constructive function, cognitive