明代女官的分析.pdf

体,女官的衣食住行既体现有别于民间的皇室特色,又需符合宫廷中严格的等级制度,同时亦兼具宫廷女***的共同特点。第四章通过皇帝、皇后、宦官这三类在宫廷中与女官命运息息相关的人物对蜜官的影响,探究女官制度在明代的嬗变及影响因素。女官的机构设置至明末仍然存在,但种种迹象表明,随着宦官权势的膨胀,女官职权被侵夺、体制被破坏当确有其事。明初,皇后地位尊崇,能够支持女官发挥其职能作用,而中后期则多有皇后地位下降,妃嫔僭越之事发生,女官只能听之任之,无法履行职能,匡正后宫。女官虽有御前伴驾之职,但从无置喙政事之权,女官制度为辅助皇权运行而生,能否平稳延续,职能能否正常行使,固然与宦官、皇后有着直接的关系,但最终还是取决于皇帝的态度,受皇权的左右。任何一项宫廷制度都是帝王制度的衍生,都与专制皇权紧密相连,后宫真正的主宰是皇帝,后宫人物的命运变迁,相关制度的发展嬗变皆受皇权掌控。所以对于明代女官这一宫廷女性群体的研究,对于女官制度仓lj立、发展、嬗变的探索,不仅是对后宫女性研究和后宫制度研究的丰富,亦为探究明代专制皇权的发展运行提供了一个新的角度。关键词明代,女官,宫廷制度 ABSTRACT The femaleofficialsystem is atraditionalimperialsystem intheancientChina. Itwas designed to serve theroyal,maintain thepower ofemperors and containthe kings’desire tohave aharmonious andorderly thebeginning oftheMing Dynasty,the Emperor Hongwu paid much attention to the establishment, improvement pletion ofthefemaleofficialsystem during the following years,thesystem keptaltering谢th thechanges ofimperialauthority and political ,the positivesignificance ofthisthesisCan befound in studying thepoliticalhistory,the royalhistory andthespecial female group ofthe MingDynasty. The thesismainly focuses on the various selecting standards,the settings,and theworking andliving conditions ofthefemaleofficials,in order tomake aprofound understanding on thespecial group,exploring itsdevelopment andevolution under theautocracy during theMing Dynasty The firstchapter explains thevariousfemaleofficialsselecting standards from theaspects ofage,appearance,knowledge and paring thediversity oftheselection process and itsinfluence intheearly and laterperiods oftheMing theearlydays oftheMing Dynasty,the royalpreferred widows andaged themiddle Mingdynasty,there rarely existedspecial selection forfemale theEmperor Jiajing’S reign,the selecting standards were farfrom the one formulated intheinitiativeMing dynasty,which in factwere nothing differentwith theselectingstandards ofmaids,who were allyoung 3 virgins without