包庇犯罪立法比较分析研究.pdf

包庇犯罪立法比较研究摘要在我国刑法中,包庇犯罪不是法定的类罪,而是对一切包庇型犯罪行为的概括,可分为典型包庇犯罪和非典型包庇犯罪两种。目前,各国或地区的刑法很少将包庇犯罪规定为专门的一类犯罪,多数国家将其分别规定在妨害司法活动罪或者其他类罪中。由于包庇犯罪所涵括的具体犯罪行为不同,各国或地区对包庇犯罪的具体罪种的设置有繁有疏。原则上,刑事立法应当力求精炼,以免造成立法与执法的混乱,因此对包庇犯罪的具体罪种设置繁疏应当恰当。包庇罪作为包庇犯罪中最典型的犯罪,通过对该罪主体和客观方面进行比较,可以进一步了解各国或地区对于包庇犯罪的罪种的具体立法情况。基于包庇犯罪涵括的具体犯罪行为不同,对不同犯罪行为配置性质不同的刑罚就成为一种必然。包庇犯罪配置的刑罚种类主要是自由刑,总体而言配置的刑罚比较轻缓。在刑罚配置模式上,各国或地区主要存在独立配置模式和依附配置模式两种情况。为实现罪责刑相适应原则,各国或地区刑法在包庇犯罪的基本罪刑配置的基础上,还增加了一些调整性和补充性的规定,即从重或加重处罚情节的规定和从轻、减轻或免除处罚情节的规定。在我国,包庇犯罪的规定散见于妨害司法罪等各个章节。存在的主要问题有: 其一,包庇犯罪的实际打击面较大,罪种设置不科学,各罪之间的内在矛盾和交叉性问题日渐突显,协调性不够:其二,包庇犯罪刑罚配置不符合轻重相宜的罪刑阶梯原则;其三,没有将亲属间包庇犯罪作为从轻、减轻或免除处罚情节予以规定,这既不符合“亲亲相隐’’原则也缺乏期待可能性。为此,可以从包庇犯罪所处位置、罪名统一化、配置适当的法定刑以及将亲属间包庇犯罪作为减轻或从轻情节等几个方面对包庇犯罪立法进行完善。关键词:包庇犯罪;立法比较;立法完善 U 硕士学位论文- =m Ab stract Inthe our country,crime ofshield is not kind oflegal crime,but kind ofabstract generalization tothose crimes ofshield,that iskind ofcrime consists of typical crimes ofshield andatypical crimes ,many countries and regions make thecrime ofshield akind ofobstructing justice instead ofseparate crime. Because of the various crimes included incrime ofshield,countries and regions have dif-ferent SOrts as tocrime ofshield and thestiffand loose ofcriminal 1aw isinvolved. Inprinciple,legislation ofcriminal law should berefined and toavoid an appropriate stiff and loose ofcriminal law ofshield isthemost typical parison between itssubj ectand obj ect,sorts ofcrime in different countries andregions can beanalyzed. Because ofthe different crimes ofshield,different penalti es should bemade in accordance with various criminal incrime ofshield ismainly the punishment against freedom which isconsidered to be to gradation of penalties,countries and regions have made independent configuration model and adherent configuration order torealize the principle oftheresponsibility in accord with crime,countries and regions have carried out some regulato