辽宋金社会生活史.pdf.pdf

? Collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. ? Adrenal glands, parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus gland, thyroid gland (, 2012) (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvhill, 2010) ? TSH ? T3 ? T4 ? Disruption of hormones ? Hyperthyroidism ? Hypothyroidism (NIDDK, 2006) ? Exophthalmos ? Profuse perspiration ? Hand tremors ? Goiter ? Weight loss ? Nervousness/excitability ? Rapid pulse ? Polydipsia ? Diarrhea ? Insomnia ? mon type: Grave ’ s Disease ? mon type of hypothyroidism ? Hashimoto ’ s Disease ? The thyroid doesn ’ t make enough thyroid hormone ? Symptoms: ? Fatigue, mental depression, feeling cold, weight gain, dry skin and hair, constipation, menstrual irregularities ? Most people have no symptoms ? 4 types: ? Papillary – slow growing – easily treated – rarely fatal ? Follicular – again slow growing – rarely fatal ? Medullary – mon – more aggressive ? Anaplastic – mon – most aggressive ? Adrenal Insufficiency ? Adrenal glands cannot produce enough cortisol ? OR ? Pituitary gland fails to produce enough adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) ? Symptoms: ? Chronic, worsening fatigue ? Muscle weakness ? Loss of appetite ? Weight loss ? Nausea/vomiting ? Diarrhea ? Craving for salty foods ? Low blood glucose ? Headache ? Caused by prolonged exposure of the body ’ s tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol. ? Relatively rare but risk factors: ? Obesity ? Type 2 diabetes ? High blood pressure