汉译英之主语的选择.ppt

7属 e Choice o}SM6e
语的选并
分析下列句子的主谓结构
钱你不用还了。
2这锅饭能吃十个人。
。
4被人缠上是件讨厌的事
5老子打儿子,天经地义。

。
8说的是古代的一个老头,名叫愚公
主语的选择和确立
英汉语比较:主语比较
语玩包生式前请两个叔重券地菱连绝大演梦g
都是按
建而成的。主语与谓语的
点,英语属学关系。根据美国语言学家所提出的语言类型学观
动者与动
(Sub
汉语是重内容的语言,“形散神聚”是汉语句子的特点。因此汉
语被称作是典型的“意合”语言。汉语中的主语不像英语的主
那样容易确定,“主语一谓语”形式的句子在汉语里比例是不大
的,因此在汉语语法中出现了主题(话题)( Topic)这一概念。
我国著名学者赵元在(1968)说:“把主语、谓语当作话题和说
明来看待比较合适”。汉语属于“主题突出”型( Topic
prominent)语言。
英语的主语主要有七大类
、施动主语( agentive subject)
Susan is growing flowers
2、受动主语 affected subject
Her books translate well
3、工具主语( instrumental subject
a stone broke the glass
4、地点主语( locative subject)
The jar contains honey
5、时间主语( temporal subject
Yesterday was Monday
6、事件主语 (eventive subject
The dispute over the problem lasted a decade
7、it作主语,表时间、气候或距离: It is late./ It is hot.
it作形式主语: It is impossible to finish the work
1汉语为主题语言;主题十述题结构;主语旬法功能弱
英语为主语语言:主语+谓语結构;主语句法功能强
例如:这件事你不用操心
主题
述题
H: This you don't need to worry about.
You dont need to worry about this
This is not something you need to worry about
There is no need for you to worry about this.
1)论文我们已经写了一大半了
We have finished a good part of the papers
3)这些材料我们只够盖一栋房子。
We could only build one house with these
materials
1)热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作,建立和
发展贸易关系。
Customers from various countries and regions are
warmly welcome to establish and develop business
contacts
2)希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。
It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly
relations with more foreign cities in the future
3)经常接触某人或某事往往会让人产生喜欢。
Frequent exposure to something or someone will cause
liking
g
汉译英中,主语的确立是句子翻译的第一步。选择了一定的主
楼季本露柔简势里漠楚简的组哥筋于
人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。
A. a person can not be judged from his appearance just as an
ocean can not be measured by pints
B. It is impossible to judge people from their appearances
and impossible to measure the ocean by pints
C. We cant judge people from their appearance, just as we
cant measure the ocean by pint