虚拟语气(顺口溜).ppt

高三英语语法
（十二）
虚拟语气
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1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2、虚拟语气形式。
The order was that we (should) stay where we were.
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1、小小顺口溜
虚拟语气并不难, 从句时态都提前,
主句would加在前，注意动词要还原。
（省略if要倒装）
.
1）If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.
2） If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.
3） I wish I were as clever as you
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2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
所述情况
if 从句
主句
与过去相反
if + 主语 + had done
主语 + would/ could/ might/should + have done
与现在相反
if + 主语 + did
（be动词用were）
主语 +would/ could/ might/should + do
与将来相反
①if + 主语 + did
②if + 主语 + were to + do
③if + 主语 + should + do
主语+ would/ could/ might/should do
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①此表中需要注意几点：
1．be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was。如：
If he were/was you, he would go at once.

2．主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would, could以及might可以用于各种人称。
3．在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would, could和might等。如：
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替）
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4、主句和if条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如：
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.
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②含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。
1．用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如：
We couldn’t have succeeded without your help(=If we hadn’t got your help).
What would you do with a million dollars?
But for the rain（=If it hadn’t been for the rain）, we would have finished the work.
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2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：
1）He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.
2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadn’t been ill,…)
★but, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为真实句。
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3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didn’t help him.)
Anyone in her position would have done the same.
★有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。
4）Suppose we told her the truth.
5）Imagine your child