高一英语语法归纳总结[1]样稿.doc

高一英语语法归纳总结----定语从句归纳
一．多个基础概念
：用作定语从句叫定语从句。
：被定语从句所修饰名词或代词。
：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）以后。
：引导定语从句词（包含关系代词和关系副词）。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
：在定语从句之前（先行词以后）。【as除外】
（作用）：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定成份（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介词选择可依据从句中相关词组确定，该介词通常能够放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。比如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比和of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其它引导词全部能够，使用方法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区分。
。
：它只是补充说明先行词情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤工程师被很快送往医院）
，任何引导词全部不能省略（包含引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语全部用which;