胡壮麟语言学总复习.ppt

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Contents
Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds: phonetics and Phonology
Chapter 3 Words and Morphology
Chapter 4 Sentences: Syntax
Chapter 5 Meaning: Semantics
Chapter 6 Meaning in use: Pragmatics
Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Thought
Chapter 8 Language Acquisition and Learning
Chapter 9 Schools of linguistics
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Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics
Language and Human
Design features of language
Functions of Language
Linguistics and its branches
Basic Concepts in linguistics
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Definition of language
In the Textbook
Language is a means of verbal communication. It is instrumental in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act. It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cures, motivation, and social-cultural roles
Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
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Design features of language
Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
Arbitrariness/
Productivity/
Duality/
Displacement/
Cultural transmission
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Arbitrariness
Arbitrariness refers to the property of language which reveals that there is no direct natural link between the linguistic form and its meaning.
However, language is not entirely arbitrary. There are words which are created in the imitation of sounds.
But the non-arbitrary words are quite limited in number.
The arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.
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Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?
Language is arbitrary in nature, it is not entirely arbitrary, because there are a limited number of words whose connections between forms and meanings