英汉互译技巧---谓语的选择-课件【PPT讲稿】.ppt

谓语的选择?一、英汉谓语的比较?英汉谓语之比较?英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当; ? She was smiling. ? He likes translation. ? They have e health-conscious. ? John is at home. ? We gave him advice. ?汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分,但汉语的谓语除了用动词充当,还可以用形容词、名词或其他词语充当。?他买了一本书。?他是北京人。?小王今年 29 岁。?南京的秋天很美。?我的老师今天不在学校。?在英语句子中,作谓语的动词对句子其他成分的形式和句子结构有很大影响。谓语受主语支配,在人称和数上必须和主语一致。?汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致,而无须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不受主语支配,没有人称、数和时态变化。?我常去北京。? I often go to Beijing. ?他常去上海。? He often goes to Shanghai. ?他昨天去了常州。? He went to Changzhou yesterday. ?从这三个例子看出,汉语的谓语无形态变化,而英语的谓语有变化。?英语谓语比较单一,只能由动词或动词短语充当,系动词可看成一种特殊谓语。?英语谓语形态稳定,受语法规范约束,需与主语保持一致关系。?英语同一主语下的并列谓语一般不超过三个,多数句子只有一个谓语动词,其他动作概念以非谓语动词、介词短语、名词短语或从句的形式出现。?汉语谓语成分复杂,除了动词短语外,还可以是形容词短语、名词短语甚至主谓短语。?汉语主谓关系不如英语密切,没有英文中一致关系,且存在大量的非主谓句。?汉语谓语常以连动式谓语的形式出现,成为多个并列谓语,中间可能有逗号或没有逗号。二、单个谓语的翻译?如果原文的主谓语不符合英语主谓搭配逻辑,则需要改变主语或谓语。?1、这件事告诉我们,他为人不诚实。?- This incident showed that he was dishonest. ?根据主语,这里的“告诉”用“ show ”比较合适。?2、农村改革中的好多东西,都是基层创造出来的。? Many of the good ideas in rural reform came from people at the grassroots. ?从逻辑上分析,原文主语实际上是创造对象,创造的主体是“人”,因此译文变更了谓语动词,使主语和谓语构成符合逻辑的搭配,并增补 people 一词。当然,此句也能译成被动句: ? Many of good ideas in rural reform are created by people at the grassroots. 二、根据动宾搭配确定谓语?动宾搭配是一种常见的搭配形式,汉译英时,如果原文的动宾搭配不符合英语逻辑,而原文的宾语又不宜变动,我们就需要重新选择谓语。?秦朝第一位皇帝秦始皇于公元前 221 年统一六国……?“统一六国”不能译成“ unify the other six states, ”因为 unify 只能和 the/a country ( 统一整个国家)构成符合英语逻辑的动宾搭配。故应重新选择谓语。? Qin Shihuan, the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty , ? the other six states in 221 BC. conquered ?热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。? Hot meals were served on the dinner table. ?如译成: hot meals were put on the dinner table 就显得过于呆板。而 serve 和 meals 联用最符合英语的动宾搭配****惯。