邹和建－理化因素所致疾病.ppt

理化因素所致疾病
上海医学院内科学系
(Diseases caused by physical and chemical factors)
概述(introduction):
Factors cause diseases:
 chemicals  physical
 biological  psychological
chemicals:occupational, non-occupational.
physical:occupational, non-occupational
Occupational Medicine today:
Toxicology
Diagnosis
Treatment
antidotes
Physical factors:
Laser
VDT (video display terminal)
ic field
诊断原则 Diagnosis:
(causation):
环境和/或生物体液中存在可测的物化因素(analysis of toxicants)
(clinical manifestation)
(dose-effective relationship)
(epidemiological study)
治疗原则(principal of treatment):
、化学因素的继续危害
(stop contact)
、重危病人密切观察,维持生命体征
(rescue-airway, blood pressure, circulation)
(antidotes)
(other treatment
中毒 (poisoning)
概述(definition):
化学物进入人体,在效应部位产生损害,引起疾病――中毒。这种化学物称毒物。毒物在效应部位,必须积累到一定量,才会发生中毒。
Toxicants
dose-related
hazards to the body
毒物来源(chemicals):industrial、medicine、
pesticide、plants、animals
毒物作用部位(organ or tissue):cardiovascular、respiratory, nerve, liver, kidney, blood
中毒原因(causation): occupational, daily life
起病方式(onset):acute, subacute, chronic
发病机制(mechanisms):
一、毒物的吸收(absorb)、代谢(metabolic)和排泄(excretion)
 入侵途径(approach):
呼吸道(respiratory tract, occupational)
消化道(digestive tract, daily life)
皮肤(skin)
乳汁(latex)
……